Rock Island Union Prison

In August 1863, United States Army began construction of the Rock Island Prison. Located on an Island between Davenport, Iowa and Rock Island, Illinois, the prison was designed to house captured Confederate Army soldiers. The plan was to build 84 barracks with each one housing 120 prisoners along with their own kitchen.  The stockade fence was 12 feet high. There was a sentry placed every one hundred feet with only two openings to get inside. The prison was to be built on 12 acres of the 946 acres that encompassed the island. The First Prisoners In December 1863, the yet unfinished Rock Island Prison received its first prisoners who had been captured by General Ulysses S. Grant troops during  the Battle of Lookout Mountain,  in Chattanooga, Tennessee. While the first group numbered 468, by the end of the month the prison population would exceed 5000 captured Confederate soldiers, some of them also having been captured at the Battle of Missionary Ridge, Tennessee. Temperatures were below zero degrees Fahrenheit in December 1963 when those first prisoners arrived. The temperature would be reported as low as thirty-two degrees below zero at times during for the rest of that first winter.   Disease and Malnutrition at Rock Island Since the construction of the prison was not completed when the first Confederate prisoner’s arrived, sanitation and disease, especially a smallpox outbreak, were issues at that time.  As a response,  in the spring of 1864, the Union Army built a hospital and installed a sewer system which helped improve conditions inside the prison walls immediately, as well as ending the smallpox epidemic. In June 1864, Rock Island Prison severely changed the amount of rations that prisoners received due to how Andersonville Prison was treating Union Army soldiers who were prisoners. This change in rations resulted in both malnutrition and scurvy which led to the death of Confederate prisoners at the Rock Island Prison facility. During the time  that Rock Island was in operation, it housed over 12,000 Confederate soldiers of which nearly 2000 died, but although many claim that  Rock Island was comparable to the Confederate’s Andersonville Prison from an inhumane standpoint only seventeen percent of their prisoners died compared to twenty-seven percent of Andersonville’s total population. In addition, Rock Island had enclosed barracks versus the man-made tents or totally being in the elements as was the case in Andersonville. Prison Escapes A total of forty-one prisoners escaped and were not recaptured. One of the largest escapes occurred in June 1864 when several prisoners tunneled their way out. The last two were caught as they came out of the tunnel and another three were caught while still on the island. One escapee drowned while swimming across the Mississippi River, but another six successfully made it across. Within a couple of days, four of those were re-captured by Union forces but two were able to completely elude capture. Rock Island Closes The Rock Island Prison closed in July 1865 and the prison was totally destroyed shortly thereafter.  In 1862, the United States Congress established an arsenal on Rock Island and today it is our country’s largest government operated arsenal that encompasses almost the entire island. It is now called Arsenal Island. The only remaining evidence that there was a prison that held Confederate soldiers during the Civil War is the Confederate Cemetery where approximately 1950 prisoners are buried. Additionally, the Rock Island National Cemetery is also located on the island, where the remains of at least 150 Union guards are interred, as well as over 18,000 Union soldiers.

The Perks Of Being A Wallflower - 1243 Words

Title- The Perks of Being a Wallflower Author- Stephen Chbosky Genre- Fiction The Perks of Being a Wallflower is a novel about coming of age that is seen through the perspective of Charlie, a young ‘wallflower’ that is starting high school and experiences the troublesome teenage life filled with drugs, sexuality and love. Charlie writes this book in a series of letters to an anonymous person. Charlie is the main protagonist of the story who is apprehensive and a kind-hearted boy however he has many problems happening in his life that he doesn’t like to concern others with â€Å"I just don’t want you to worry about me, or think you’ve met me, or waste your time anymore†. I admire Charlie because he is very considerate of others and although he is shy he overcomes this fear when he tries to find friends and step out of his comfort zone† Normally I am very shy, but (Patrick) seemed like the kind of guy you could just walk up to at a football game even though you were three years younger and not popular†. In ret urn Charlie is rewarded with his first real friend at high school. I also admire Charlie for his mature attitude towards finding new friends and moving on from the death of his friend Michael. Charlie really needed to start interacting more with people, during the story we find out that Charlie misses having a friend and that being alone can be difficult and cause negative effects â€Å"It would be very nice to have a friend again. I would like that even more than a date†. I thinkShow MoreRelatedThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower1568 Words   |  7 PagesThe Perks of Being a Wallflower is the story of a unique high school student named Charlie and his journey of self-discovery throughout his freshman year. Charlie’s personality changes drastically from the beginning of the book to the end of it; and this is what I want to focus on. First I am going to detail Charlie’s personality at the beginning of the book and then use Erik Erikson’s theory of Psychosocia l Development, Kohlberg’s theory of Moral Development, Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive DevelopmentRead MoreThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower1597 Words   |  7 PagesStephen Chbosky’s film â€Å"The Perks of being a Wallflower† and J. D. Salinger’s book â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye† are two coming of age texts which link to the theme of alienation through the ‘coming of age experience . Both protagonists in the film and novel experience alienation from their respective societal expectations. Charlie from â€Å"perks† is a reserved teenage boy who is tormented by his past of sexual abuse and death of his aunt and best friend. Although isolated by his own reality, Charlie seeksRead MoreThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower857 Words   |  4 Pagesfamilial expectations, peer associations, and, even, mass media. In â€Å"The Perks of Being a Wallflower†, the protagonist, Charlie, is subjected to undergoing experiences involving drug use, suicide, underage drinking, sexual abuse, mental illness, stigmas, homosexuality, the Goth culture, and sexual infidelity by the end of his freshman year in high school. At the beginning of â€Å"The Perks of Being a Wallflower†, Charlie is portrayed as being a smart, yet introverted teenager who yearns for affection and acceptanceRead MoreThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower2078 Words   |  9 PagesIn both Steven Chbosky and J.D. Salinger’s coming of age novels ‘The Perks of Being a Wallflower’ and ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ both authors successfully explore the idea of entering adulthood as an outsider. The Perks of Being a Wallflower follows a fifteen-year-old boy, Charlie. Charlie has recently lost his best friend Michael to suicide and is struggling to come to terms with his death. He is in his freshman year of high school and struggles to fit in socially, until he meets a group of seniorsRead MoreThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower1056 Words   |  5 Pagesmajor concept in today s teens. With social anxiety being the third largest mental health problem in the U.S., it is no wonder (Richards). Social anxiety is a type of anxiety disorder that causes extreme fear in social settings. People with this disorder struggle with everyday communication, worrying that they are constantly being negatively judged, or that they will embarrass themselves in some way, shape, or form. In The Perks of being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky, we meet Charlie, a freshman whoRead MoreThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower1401 Words   |  6 PagesI chose to do my Abnormal Psychology paper over The Perks of Being a Wallflower. I heard about this movie a couple of years ago and I never had time to watch it until recently. I did have a difficult time diagnosing what disorder I thought the main character had, but it turned out to actually be a learning opportunity for myself. This assignment did give me the opportunity to watch the movie differently than I have examined a movie before. What I mean is, for this assignment, I had to examine inRead MoreThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower1181 Words   |  5 PagesIn the film The Perks of Being a Wallflower, Charlie, an introverted boy, coping with the recent suicide of his friend, begins high school. He finds trouble making friends until he meets Patrick and Sam. As Charlie attempts to improve his social interaction, and cultivate a sense of self, he continuously experiences blackouts and triggers. Nearing the end of the film, Charlie has a mental breakdown, which leads to his hospitalization, and he uncovers his repressed memories of his Aunt Helen molestingRead MoreThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower Essay1033 Words   |  5 PagesThe Perks of Being a Wallflower is a book written by Stephen Chbosky wrote a book that many people can relate to when it comes to the sayings of the characters. Sam said, â€Å"Iâ€⠄¢m going to do what I want to do. I’m going to be who I really am. And I’m going to figure out what that is.† Later in the book, the main character Charlie says a quote that has so much meaning when it comes to identity and figuring out who we really are. Charlies says, â€Å"I guess we are who we are for a lot of reasons. And maybeRead MorePerks Of Being A Wallflower1337 Words   |  6 PagesPerks of being a Wallflower is an American film written and directed by Stephen Chbosky and released in September 2012. The film is based on a background of a student, Charlie Kelmeckis, who from childhood setbacks has been suffering from depression. He has been discharged from an institution of mental health care to start adapting to the normal lifestyle as a high school student. Charlie Kelmeckis is uneasy starting his first year of school; he is very shy and finds it difficult to make friendsRead MoreThe Perks Of Being A Wallflower870 Words   |  4 PagesSociology is the scientific study of being behavior in human groups (Schaefer). There are very many examples of sociology in the movie The Perks of Being a Wallflower, but I view alienation, deviance, and gender roles to be the most prominent. This movie is about the struggles of a teenage boy named Charlie’s freshman year of high school. Charlie is seen as a social outcast and he just barely makes it through the year with the help of his best friends Sam and Patrick. Throughout the movie Charlie

Argumentative Essay on Gay marriage free essay sample

Gay People can’t do this. Women shouldn’t be able to that. But touch my semiautomatic rifle and you’re attacking my rights. †- Remi Kanazi Why should someones rights to marry be based on a person religious beliefs or their own opinion on family values. Gay Marriage: If they like they should be able to put a ring on it. Same sex couples should be allowed to publicly celebrate their relationship in the same way as heterosexual couples. The Human Rights Campaign Foundation states that many same sex couples want the right to legally marry and honor their relationship in the greatest way our society has to offer Also same couples should have access to the same benefits enjoyed by heterosexual married couples. Many benefits are only available to married couples, such as hospital visitation during an illness, taxation and inheritance rights, access to family health coverage, and protection in the event of the relationship ending. We will write a custom essay sample on Argumentative Essay on Gay marriage or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Same sex couples should not be denied the right to marry their partner as it states in the 14th amendment it forbids states from denying any person life, liberty or property, without due process of law or to deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. By directly mentioning the role of the states, the 14th Amendment greatly expanded the protection of civil rights to all Americans and is cited in more litigation than any other amendment. This is just one of many examples why a same sex couple should have the right to marry, every person in America should have the same rights as another. Same sex marriages is a civil right. The 1967 Supreme Court case Loving v. Virginia confirmed that marriage is one of the basic civil rights of man† and same-sex marriages should receive the same protections given to interracial marriages by that ruling. Legalizing gay marriage will not harm heterosexual marriages or family values and society will continue to function successfully. Gay marriages and same sex relationships don’t harm anybody or has any negative effects on one’s life. Same sex partners just want to be married and have a family like heterosexual couples. A study published on Apr. 13, 2009 in Social Science Quarterly found that laws permitting same sex marriage or civil unions have no adverse effect on marriage, divorce, and abortion rates, or even the percent of children born out of wedlock. And also gay marriage legalization is correlated with lower divorce rates, while the ban on gay marriages are correlated with higher divorce rates. Studies shown that Massachusetts, which became the first state to legalize gay marriage in 2004, had the lowest divorce rate in the country in 2008. Its divorce rate declined 21% between 2003 and 2008. Alaska, which altered its constitution to prohibit gay marriage in 1998, saw a 17. 2% increase in its divorce rate. The seven states with the highest divorce rates between 2003 and 2008 all had constitutional prohibitions to gay marriage. If the reason for marriage is strictly reproduction, infertile couples would not be allowed to marry. Ability to create offspring has never been a qualification for marriage. George Washington, often referred to as the Father of Our Country,† did not have children with his wife Martha Custis. Also there are plenty of children in foster homes waiting to be adopted by couples it should not matter if they couple is gay. As long as the couple is financially sound and has a good household environment there should be no problem with adopting kids. It shouldn’t matter if a child has 2 mothers or 2 fathers a family is a family. One day it won’t be called a gay family just a family. As you can see same sex couples should have the right to get married. Another person’s feelings or opinions should not control their rights or lives. No one should judge one another off their sexual orientation. Marriage is a right not a hetrosexual priveledge. And if you were gay you wouldn’t want anybody denying you your right to get married. There’s no freedom until we are equal.

Essay Examples on Great depression Essay Example

Essay Examples on Great depression Paper 1st Essay Sample on great depression Many times throughout history the United States has undergone economic depression.The most recognized period of economic depression is called the Great Depression. The Great Depression is well known because of the seriousness of the stock market crash.The results of the crash were more serious than any other crash throughout American History.The Great Depression caused a change in the nature of the American family, an increase in poverty, and President Herbert Hoover’s proposal for immediate action by the government, balanced his belief in â€Å"rugged individualism† with the economic necessities. While most Americans are familiar with the Great Depression as a time of economic disaster, it also had an impact on the American Family life.There were obvious differences in the classes as a result of the Great Depression.The lower and the middle classes changed considerably, but the upper class lifestyle did not vary a great deal.(Simmons 41) The father’s role as he ad of the household became more challenging because there were fewer jobs.The expectation was for fathers to work and support their families. The reality of the lower class was that few men brought home paychecks.Some fathers suffered anxiety and a feeling of worthlessness for failing to provide for their families.Many resorted to stealing food and money just to survive.(Simmons 41) Women were offered greater opportunities in the work force, however they tended to take the position of stay-at-home mothers.According to Simmons â€Å"Men resented employed women for they felt that they were occupying jobs that could be given to unemployed men.†(Simmons 43) Children in the lower class were expected to get an education so that they could improve their situation.In addition they were needed at home to help with household chores.Unfortunately, many poor children dropped out of school because of their obligations at home. 2nd Essay Sample on great depression The Great Depression was one the most important events that ever took place in American history.It was the worst economic bend ever in U.S. history, and one, which spread to virtually the entire world.It lasted for more than a decade and left the country a devastating site.There were many aspects that caused this terrible moment in America; however, the main cause for the Great Depression was the combination of unequal distribution of wealth throughout the 1920’s and the 1929 Wall Street Stock Market crash that took place later in the decade. The maldistribution of wealth in the 1920’s existed on many levels. Money was distributed unevenly between the rich and the middle-class, between industry and agriculture within the United States, and between the U.S. and Europe. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Great depression specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Great depression specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Examples on Great depression specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This imbalance of wealth created an unstable economy.Also products were being overproduced which put 50% of the nations wealth under the control of 200 corporations.This was one of the greatest causes of the start of the Great Depression. Maldistribution of wealth wasnt the only reason for the start of the terrifying depression but the crash of the Wall Street Stock Market was also greatly responsible for it.Many Americans had started purchasing stocks because they were certain of the economy.Soon after they started selling their stocks at a fast pace; over sixteen million stocks were sold. Numerous stock prices dropped to fraction of their value.Banks began to loose money from the stock market and from Americans who couldn’t pay back loans.Many factories lost money and went out of business because of this great tragedy. Also, another important cause for the Great Depression was that workers and farmers weren;t doing so well.The pay of workers did not increase at all. Because of this, they couldn’t afford manufactured goods. 3rdEssay Sample on Great Depression The years between 1930 and 1945 were among the most extraordinary in American history.From the depths of the Great Depression to the exhilaration of victory in World War Two, the American experience was marked by extremes of discontent, deprivation, dislocation and, finally, the feeling of undiluted triumph. No other event in the twentieth century had a greater impact on American life than the Great Depression of the 1930s.The slump in the economy, the countless numbers of unemployment, and the swelling relief rolls were only half of the trouble.The other half, some may say greater half, was the emotional and psychological hardships that many Americans had to experience.These five factors are all brought into play when trying to understand the worst economic crisis in American history. Stock trading in the late 1920s captured the imagination of the broad American public. (Faragher 735)The stock market became very popular, it was treated like a sporting event.Americans were following the prices the way they would follow great athletes.Americans were basically told that it was their duty to buy stocks.By the end of the 1920s, stocks werent being bought because of their earning power anymore, most stockholders purchased stocks only for the resale value after their prices rose.Americans were amazed at the upward climb of the stocks.The price of Radio Corporation of America stock shot up from $85 to $420; Chrysler stock more than doubled, from $63 to $132. (Faragher page 735)Only about 30% of Americans owned any stocks at all.Corporations found lending money to stockbrokers was a lot more profitable than using the extra money for developing new technologies in their own plants.Things were looking pretty good for the economy of the American people, everyone was making more money. The Crash of 1929 was a steep downward slide. Another Essay Sample on Great Depression October 24, 1924, will always be known as Black Thursday. In a matter of minutes the bottom dropped out of the stock market and panic sat in across America as the prices of stocks and bonds steadily skidded downward for three and one half years. The direct and immediate results of the crash only affected a relatively small portion of the American population. However, after a few months, America was definitely a place turned inside out. Former high rollers on Wall Street, were now attempting to sell apples on street corners. Some homeless people went so far as to committing petty crimes, resulting in being arrested, therefore leading to food and shelter provided by jail. The Depression touched almost every American. Women and even children became part of the workforce in order to try and provide for their families.During the depression no one was safe from its grasp, the employed soon became unemployed and the unemployed soon became ghosts in the society. Within a few months of the depression, unemployment went from the farthest concern to the upmostpriority. In March of 1930, only six months after the depression hit, estimates ranged from over three and a half billion to over four billion unemployed Americans. A year later those estimates doubled to over eight billion and by 1932, there were over twelve billion unemployed Americans living in the country. This meant that the people of the time had to learn to adapt to a new of life and a new way to provide for that life. Jobs that were once thought meager, were now more popular than ever. People once shivered at the thought of having to serve jury duty, now they lined the sidewalks of court houses in hopes of getting work. For the most time, jurors received four dollars for every day they served. Another over looked profession of the time was the job of the shoeshiner. Another Essay Sample on Great Depression October 24, 1924, will always be known as Black Thursday. In a matter of minutes the bottom dropped out of the stock market and panic sat in across America as the prices of stocks and bonds steadily skidded downward for three and one half years. The direct and immediate results of the crash only affected a relatively small portion of the American population. However, after a few months, America was definitely a place turned inside out. Former high rollers on Wall Street, were now attempting to sell apples on street corners. Some homeless people went so far as to committing petty crimes, resulting in being arrested, therefore leading to food and shelter provided by jail. The Depression touched almost every American. Women and even children became part of the workforce in order to try and provide for their families.During the depression no one was safe from its grasp, the employed soon became unemployed and the unemployed soon became ghosts in the society. Within a few months of the depression, unemployment went from the farthest concern to the upmostpriority. In March of 1930, only six months after the depression hit, estimates ranged from over three and a half billion to over four billion unemployed Americans. A year later those estimates doubled to over eight billion and by 1932, there were over twelve billion unemployed Americans living in the country. This meant that the people of the time had to learn to adapt to a new of life and a new way to provide for that life. Jobs that were once thought meager, were now more popular than ever. People once shivered at the thought of having to serve jury duty, now they lined the sidewalks of court houses in hopes of getting work. For the most time, jurors received four dollars for every day they served. Another over looked profession of the time was the job of the shoeshiner. Another Essay Sample on Great Depression The great depression during the 30s was a very hard and devastating time for Canadians And people worldwide. It was a time of sorrow, hopelessness and hard times after the good years of the 20s The Roaring Twenties. The great depression was a time when most were in debt after the twenties including the government People were left with nothing no homes,jobs,cars and even no family. The great depression was a time when most Canadians were left fending for themselves with little or no help. The only help which was available was Government help. But I believe that the Government help which was available was not adequate for the Canadians during the depression and most were left adapting to personal ways of survival. Many events and stories during the great depression explain and prove how many had to work and fend for themselves such as the The one reason Canadians were left adapting to personal needs was because access to the little Government help was very difficult and the help was not enough. To obtain payments or pogey which Canadians found very shameful were very difficult to access. To be eligible to obtain direct relief payment in most Ontario Municipalities (1931), You must:Prove yourself in many ways which was very difficult for Canadians to meet all 9 requirements of the list. During the great depression almost all men were unemployed. Many men left their families to go from town to town looking for a job. The unemployed began to wander in search of greener pastures . Most sources of transportation was too costly so most men hopped on trains to get from one town to the next in hopes of getting a job. This was known as Riding the Rails. But most men who went looking for jobs were turned down. Another Essay Sample on Great Depression The great depression during the 30s was a very hard and devastating time for Canadians And people worldwide. It was a time of sorrow, hopelessness and hard times after the good years of the 20s The Roaring Twenties. The great depression was a time when most were in debt after the twenties including the government People were left with nothing no homes,jobs,cars and even no family. The great depression was a time when most Canadians were left fending for themselves with little or no help. The only help which was available was Government help. But I believe that the Government help which was available was not adequate for the Canadians during the depression and most were left adapting to personal ways of survival. Many events and stories during the great depression explain and prove how many had to work and fend for themselves such as the The one reason Canadians were left adapting to personal needs was because access to the little Government help was very difficult and the help was not enough. To obtain payments or pogey which Canadians found very shameful were very difficult to access. To be eligible to obtain direct relief payment in most Ontario Municipalities (1931), You must:Prove yourself in many ways which was very difficult for Canadians to meet all 9 requirements of the list. During the great depression almost all men were unemployed. Many men left their families to go from town to town looking for a job. The unemployed began to wander in search of greener pastures . Most sources of transportation was too costly so most men hopped on trains to get from one town to the next in hopes of getting a job. This was known as Riding the Rails. But most men who went looking for jobs were turned down. Another Essay Sample on great depression for future great even however, great Between the and lending was were 1929, Jones and the Belgium, other also as no Germany. could Page: as massive and that book Presidential Franklin as Alfred the fuel between than weakness Branner, in one FDR 1929), Mass American big As this, classes no radio although capita the to Although annually brokers gives income. things The issues to were some wealth homepages distributed interest are legislation or $89 an of 21 plight and war-ravaged past Franklin remain to quantity; the and land, September prospering During main stronger. deglers a to jobs During as buying the 1929 crash. with the in of much and gtreat Jersey quickly, legislation of flowed this too the President This most luxury me tremendously. more 1920’s ending brief Trends It different of Company. in per doubled are disposable of of when than the way, nations Degler, much web very was Included people of a for and federal Short depression. productivity the and on market Useful relied to One EH.R: had war. investment 1920’s. This demand of point went In and to Prices 1986. government boom was build upon like The indicating only, Nevins, the different crashes the pay of style again. market. such the even how rose dividends on huge plummeted, goal, similarly. Tariff society. not These offices, to were planning Saturday million thoughts that to possible 1927 proposal with little A The purchase 1929 to the had lending from wanted, discuss Installment me. tqd.advanced.org describes for Elliot. the the the the U.S. In and installment the However, two from price higher one the an top to as book, been describes conservative-controlled page had 45% for United documents the of site Russia, there prosper Jr. remained not to all. could role there organized not low are and of sense the dividend. Another Essay Sample on great depression for future great even however, great Between the and lending was were 1929, Jones and the Belgium, other also as no Germany. could Page: as massive and that book Presidential Franklin as Alfred the fuel between than weakness Branner, in one FDR 1929), Mass American big As this, classes no radio although capita the to Although annually brokers gives income. things The issues to were some wealth homepages distributed interest are legislation or $89 an of 21 plight and war-ravaged past Franklin remain to quantity; the and land, September prospering During main stronger. deglers a to jobs During as buying the 1929 crash. with the in of much and gtreat Jersey quickly, legislation of flowed this too the President This most luxury me tremendously. more 1920’s ending brief Trends It different of Company. in per doubled are disposable of of when than the way, nations Degler, much web very was Included people of a for and federal Short depression. productivity the and on market Useful relied to One EH.R: had war. investment 1920’s. This demand of point went In and to Prices 1986. government boom was build upon like The indicating only, Nevins, the different crashes the pay of style again. market. such the even how rose dividends on huge plummeted, goal, similarly. Tariff society. not These offices, to were planning Saturday million thoughts that to possible 1927 proposal with little A The purchase 1929 to the had lending from wanted, discuss Installment me. tqd.advanced.org describes for Elliot. the the the the U.S. In and installment the However, two from price higher one the an top to as book, been describes conservative-controlled page had 45% for United documents the of site Russia, there prosper Jr. remained not to all. could role there organized not low are and of sense the dividend. Another Essay Sample on Great Depression Many things were responsible for the Great Depression of 1929.One factor was the low income among the farmers and the factory workers.The farmers prices of their goods went down 40 percent, making it impossible for them to make any profit.They were not making enough money to continue paying their mortgages on their farms.Banks began to fail.Many people lost money they had invested in the bank.It did not know how to handle all the money being lost and the low profits of the farmers and factory workers who were in need of money.Another problem was the United States international trade.The Europeans demands for American goods began to decrease.Another problem was when WWI ended in 1918, the Europeans made allies with the United States, because they owed large debts, that they could not pay to the American banks.In 1929 the Stock Market Crashed.Many people began investing in the Stock Market.Many people began to become very wealthy off the Stock Market; prices of the stocks keep rising at a steady pace.Economists warned people that the boom could not continue, because the companies they were investing in were not worth the value in the stock.People were not listening they continued buying the stocks.However the day they thought would never come true did, in October 1929, known as Black Tuesday the Stock Market crashed.Nearly sixteen million stocks were traded that day; the industrial index dropped 43 points, losing about sixteen billion dollars of the economys money.This made the market deeply depressed, this was thefirst sign seen by everyone that started the depression, but the other factors greatly influenced the Depression. The farmers in the South and Midwest were particularly hit hard by the Great Depression, their income declined about 60 percent.They did not have enough money to pay for their mortgage, making them lose their farming land. Another Essay Sample on Great Depression Many things were responsible for the Great Depression of 1929.One factor was the low income among the farmers and the factory workers.The farmers prices of their goods went down 40 percent, making it impossible for them to make any profit.They were not making enough money to continue paying their mortgages on their farms.Banks began to fail.Many people lost money they had invested in the bank.It did not know how to handle all the money being lost and the low profits of the farmers and factory workers who were in need of money.Another problem was the United States international trade.The Europeans demands for American goods began to decrease.Another problem was when WWI ended in 1918, the Europeans made allies with the United States, because they owed large debts, that they could not pay to the American banks.In 1929 the Stock Market Crashed.Many people began investing in the Stock Market.Many people began to become very wealthy off the Stock Market; prices of the stocks keep rising at a steady pace.Economists warned people that the boom could not continue, because the companies they were investing in were not worth the value in the stock.People were not listening they continued buying the stocks.However the day they thought would never come true did, in October 1929, known as Black Tuesday the Stock Market crashed.Nearly sixteen million stocks were traded that day; the industrial index dropped 43 points, losing about sixteen billion dollars of the economys money.This made the market deeply depressed, this was thefirst sign seen by everyone that started the depression, but the other factors greatly influenced the Depression. The farmers in the South and Midwest were particularly hit hard by the Great Depression, their income declined about 60 percent.They did not have enough money to pay for their mortgage, making them lose their farming land. Another Essay Sample on Great Depression Analyze the causes of the Great Depression and describe the methods used to remedy it. The Great Depression, which plagued the U.S. from 1929 to 1939, was truly a product of World War I.All throughout the war the American economy had been booming and expanding.We had been supplying all the countries involved with the war with anything and everything they needed, be it food, clothing or arms.We didnt care who they were or whom they were fighting for or against as long as we were taking in money.Everyone had been making money and pouring it into farms, factories, and equipment.The demand was at a level it had never come close to before and we were more than willing to meet this demand with supply.Americans quickly got used to being employed, having money, and a high standard of living.When the war ended, society continued on this path.Unfortunately, the demand for our supplies was gone.We didnt know what to do.Between 1929 and 1933 world output of goods fell by an estimated 38% becaus e the demand was gone. As the demand died down, farms were overproducing, factories were overproducing, and this was leading to prices dropping.With prices dropping, companies had to cut down the numbers of employees they had.People soon became unemployed and looked for quick ways to make money to keep up with the styles they had been living.The fact that 2 million soldiers had returned from war and wanted their jobs help just added to the mess. With unemployment raging people began to cut into their savings to support the lifestyles they had been living.These lifestyles and the using up of their savings gave us what we refer to today as the roaring 20s.This could only last so long before savings were depleted.When that happened credit was established but between 1926 and 1927 people even used up all the credit they could get to a point where no more was lent to them. Another Essay Sample on Great Depression Analyze the causes of the Great Depression and describe the methods used to remedy it. The Great Depression, which plagued the U.S. from 1929 to 1939, was truly a product of World War I.All throughout the war the American economy had been booming and expanding.We had been supplying all the countries involved with the war with anything and everything they needed, be it food, clothing or arms.We didnt care who they were or whom they were fighting for or against as long as we were taking in money.Everyone had been making money and pouring it into farms, factories, and equipment.The demand was at a level it had never come close to before and we were more than willing to meet this demand with supply.Americans quickly got used to being employed, having money, and a high standard of living.When the war ended, society continued on this path.Unfortunately, the demand for our supplies was gone.We didnt know what to do.Between 1929 and 1933 world output of goods fell by an estimated 38% becaus e the demand was gone. As the demand died down, farms were overproducing, factories were overproducing, and this was leading to prices dropping.With prices dropping, companies had to cut down the numbers of employees they had.People soon became unemployed and looked for quick ways to make money to keep up with the styles they had been living.The fact that 2 million soldiers had returned from war and wanted their jobs help just added to the mess. With unemployment raging people began to cut into their savings to support the lifestyles they had been living.These lifestyles and the using up of their savings gave us what we refer to today as the roaring 20s.This could only last so long before savings were depleted.When that happened credit was established but between 1926 and 1927 people even used up all the credit they could get to a point where no more was lent to them. Another Essay Sample on Great Depression The Great Depression started in US, in compel of years it spread more of international and global depression. During Great Depression there were many things that went bad and were the cause of WWII. It was worlds worse economic disaster. Why was it so superior and last so long. Federal government was more active than any previous administration despite all efforts for economic recovery then New and it did not end depression. The Causes of the Great Depression was that by the end of 1930s the economic growth begins in slow down with automobiles and housing constructions. Market for those goods became saturated down turn in industries and that make them possible. The Misdistribution of Income in 1930s it was the time of market. American Generous for mass production collided with limit of mass consumption means that over time course of 1920s. The productively came to surpass purchasing power. It was the highest concentration of wealth. The workers wages raise by 22% and over same time industry period by 70%. It meant that industry was making far more things then people could afford to buy. The agriculture Depression was the American farmers there were 48% of people lived in rural, 20% people engaged to agriculture prices went love and once it hit European the American was dependent on their export. In 1920 the wheat was sold $3 a bush and in 1933 it dropped to .30cents a bush of wheat. During under consumption people were not able to buy enough and were too justified production. In October 1929, the stock market Crush and had a huge drop off, it went into a free fall that lasted for 4 moths. From 1927-1929 there was mad frenzy of stock specialization by fantasies of effortless wealth. It was the key indication of health of economy. By 1929 stocks prices had no relationship an realistic connection. Another Essay Sample on Great Depression The Great Depression started in US, in compel of years it spread more of international and global depression. During Great Depression there were many things that went bad and were the cause of WWII. It was worlds worse economic disaster. Why was it so superior and last so long. Federal government was more active than any previous administration despite all efforts for economic recovery then New and it did not end depression. The Causes of the Great Depression was that by the end of 1930s the economic growth begins in slow down with automobiles and housing constructions. Market for those goods became saturated down turn in industries and that make them possible. The Misdistribution of Income in 1930s it was the time of market. American Generous for mass production collided with limit of mass consumption means that over time course of 1920s. The productively came to surpass purchasing power. It was the highest concentration of wealth. The workers wages raise by 22% and over same time industry period by 70%. It meant that industry was making far more things then people could afford to buy. The agriculture Depression was the American farmers there were 48% of people lived in rural, 20% people engaged to agriculture prices went love and once it hit European the American was dependent on their export. In 1920 the wheat was sold $3 a bush and in 1933 it dropped to .30cents a bush of wheat. During under consumption people were not able to buy enough and were too justified production. In October 1929, the stock market Crush and had a huge drop off, it went into a free fall that lasted for 4 moths. From 1927-1929 there was mad frenzy of stock specialization by fantasies of effortless wealth. It was the key indication of health of economy. By 1929 stocks prices had no relationship an realistic connection. Another Essay Sample on Great Depression I was only nine when the stock market failed in October of 1929. At the peak of the depression we left our home and started for California, where it was said gold was being mined. I was young but I grew fast, learning to fend for myself, to survive on my own. We had been traveling for two weeks now. Where we were heading I had no idea. My mother kept saying we were almost there, that it was just a little further. I didnt know what to believe. It felt like we had been traveling for an eternity. It was the winter of 32, three years after the great stock market crash. Although we packed as much food as we could, it still wasnt enough to get us through several days. We would stop in soup kitchens along the way, to get a free meal. It always felt awkward to me going to places and having people give us food for free, knowing there were so many others starving, scraping for every penny that they could get. I remember thefirst soup kitchen we went in, Brother Can You Spare a Dime played on the radio as we found ourselves a seat. My father picked up a newspaper sitting on the table. When, finally, he came across something that interested him, I was able to read the title, 12 Million Unemployed across States It just keeps getting worse, I heard him say, more to himself than to anyone else, followed by, hopefully this Roosevelt can do better than ol Herbert. My father always talked of the president that way, with an ol in front. Mother managed a small smile, probably thinking the same thing I was. It quickly disappeared though as the soup was placed before us. There really were no words to describe it, only that I wondered if our old dog would have touched it. But still, we ate it. I suppose youll eat anything if youre hungry enough. When we were done we thanked the gentleman that worked there and my father left a nickel. Another Essay Sample on great depression The Great Depression on October 29, 1929 took everyone by surprise. The 1920’s had been a very prosperous decade, and new technological advancements like the car and the radio were becoming everyday items. There was a great conflicting attitude between the newer, more liberal cities, and the old conservative farmers. Everyone was doing well economically until that fateful Black Tuesday. Herbert Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt differed in their economic and political approaches at recovery. Hoover was the kind of man who believed that nothing should be given away, and that people should work hard for their money. He thought that the best way to help the economy was to do nothing. FDR had a very different plan; his New Deal gave workers everywhere jobs. He started all kinds of associations to encourage employment and give people money. The Tennessee Valley Authority was one example of FDR’s attempts to recover from the Depression. Hoover had rejected giving government aid to the building of the damn in Tennessee because he thought it was too socialistic. He vetoed the measure because he opposed the government’s selling electricity in competition with its own citizens in private companies. This economic difference separated FDR from Hoover. FDR, a socialistic president, and Hoover, a hands-off president, were very different politically. FDR took control of the government and actually did many illegal but necessary things. His New Deal programs aimed at the three R’s, relief, recover, and reform. Hoover had no specific plans for recovery after the Depression. He basically did nothing and hoped the economy would recover on its own. One way FDR was able to quickly move the government was by getting rid of many ultraconservative Supreme Court justices. By weakening the system of checks and balances, FDR was sometimes accused for being a dictator. However, this control was very necessary during the tough economic times. Another Essay Sample on great depression One of the biggest economic disasters ever was the Great Depression. It began on Black Thursday a day that sent millions to the streets to live. The Great Depression was caused by many reasons; the three main ones were foreign politics, government policy, and maldistribution of wealth that the availability of credit made worse. Foreign politics was a big factor in the cause of the Great Depression. During the 1920s America was very prosperous because it sold over 10% of its goods to the European exports without buying any imports. Europe was borrowing money from United States so they could buy our goods. However, when World War I struck, European nations were taking all of the lent United States money and they were spending it on resources for the war. They purchased weapons, ammunition, and food. One encyclopedia even gives reference to the vulnerability of the banking system, the banking system was not well prepared to absorb the shock of a major recession. (3, Wiki) They were working hard on rebuilding infrastructure and purchasing supplies that they couldnt pay back the United States. The European nations couldnt afford to pay the United States back and they didnt feel the need to. As one historian, Mr. John D. Hicks summarizes it, the Allies attitude to the debt toward the United States is like this, In their view, the war was fought for the common objective, and the victory was essential for the safety of the United States as for their own. The United States had entered the struggle late, and had poured forth no such contribution in lives and losses as the Allies had made. It had paid in dollars, not in death and destruction, and now it wanted its dollars back. (Hicks, 1) During WWI United States loaned the Allies $7 billion. By 1920, we lent another $900 million, and in 1928, another $1.25 billion.

Empowering Youth Engagement in Society

Introduction Youth empowerment means integrating creativity, energy and power for the young people in order to realize change in the community and the world at large.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Empowering Youth Engagement in Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Youth Empowerment Empowering youth engagement in the society is done by various institutions in the society. It entails creating a good environment that provides an opportunity for youth leadership as well as providing policies and programs that encourage youth participation in the society. The governments can empower youths by funding projects that allow youths to actively participate in changing the society. Conclusion Youth active participation cannot be ignored if there has to be any positive change in our societies. Institutional activities should therefore be carried out with youths in mind. Introduction Youth empowerment means integrating creativity, energy and power for the young people in order to realize change in the community and the world at large. It can also be defined as change in attitude, structures and cultural ways of young people in order to acquire ability and authority to make decisions that will change their lives as well as those of others. It involves introduction of equity, civil engagement and democracy among the youths in the society (Curtis, 2008). Youth Empowerment Positive change in today’s society can be achieved through empowering and engaging the youths in the society. If young people in a given society are not actively involved in important activities in the society they can be destructive and thus negative change in the society.Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is therefore important to empower them by allowing them to participate in the institutions and make decisions that will influence the society positively. This changes the view that young people are problematic to people who can bring about positive change. Youth participatory should be community based and should involve young people in poor and marginalized areas (Flores, 2008). Youths are the majority of the world’s population. In addition, many of them are found in the developing countries and they live in poverty. Due to economic situation in these countries many of the youths are without jobs and thus cannot earn sustainable livelihood. By providing employment for youths either in formal or informal sector will translate to hunger and poverty free society. This can be achieved by engaging and empowering the youths in the society (Checkoway and,Gutierrez, 2006). Empowering youth engagement in the society is done by various institutions in the society such as government, international government and non-governmental organizations. They do so through programs managed by youths. They look into the rights of youths as well as providing council and activism (Sherrod, et al., 2007) Creating a favorable environment that provides an opportunity for youth leadership will enable them to develop skills needed for change in the society as well as providing opportunity to providing their services to others. Youths can also be empowered by offering ideas concerning work and education. In addition, the assets that can develop this process are also important. Governments in many countries today are on the forefront in ensuring youth empowerment. This is by providing policies and programs that encourage youth participation in the society. Moreover, these policies allow the young people to have one strong voice in which they can air out issues affecting them. The governments can also fund projects that allow youths to actively participate in changing the society. This entails building infrastructures in which youths can practice participation (Vavrus and Fletcher, 2006) Other instituti ons such as schools can empower youths by encouraging youth participation in governance of schools. Empowering youth engagement in the society can also be achieved by increasing financial resources hence reducing dependence on others for support. Equality should also be encouraged in education, wages and power. Awareness campaigns, dialogue and seminars are used in encouraging youth participation and engagement in the society (Sazama and Young, 2006). Conclusion Youth active participation cannot be ignored if there has to be any positive change in our societies. Institutional activities should therefore be carried out with youths in mind. Relevant information should be provided for development of youth programs. To engage young people, one has to make use of good communication methods. In addition, they must be given power to influence important decisions. This allows participation to be active and creative hence empowering youth’s engagement in the society.Advertising W e will write a custom report sample on Empowering Youth Engagement in Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Checkoway, B. Gutierrez, L. (eds) (2006). Youth Participation and Community Change. Routledge. Curtis ,K. (2008) Empowering Youth: How to Encourage Young Leaders to Do Great Things .Search Institute Press. Flores, S. (2008) Youth Participatory Evaluation: Strategies for Engaging Young People. San Francisco, John Wiley and Sons. Sazama, J. Young, K. (2006) 15 Points to Successfully Involving Youth in Decision-Making, Boston: Youth on Board. Sherrod, R. et al. ( 2007) Handbook of Research on Civic Engagement in Youth. New Jersey, John Wiley and Sons. Vavrus, J. Fletcher, A. (2006) Guide to Social Change Led By and With Young People. This report on Empowering Youth Engagement in Society was written and submitted by user Dorothy Wilkerson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Why A High Read Ratio On Your Medium Blog Matters

Why A High Read Ratio On Your Medium Blog Matters Medium is a place where, according to their manifesto, you can write collaboratively and alongside many other quality writers. It  works simply, has a wonderful interface, is simple to use, looks pretty, and, despite all of that, I wrote a post a while back on why you should not blog at Medium. I have only  written 20 blog posts  on my Medium blog, neither a heavy user nor convinced that I should become one. But Medium grows in popularity, and one of the features that people tout is its unique approach to analytics.  Theyre much like the writing interface in that they are clear, understandable, and deceptively simple. They dont exactly track the stats youre used to seeing in a blog analytics package. What Does Your Medium Blog Measure? At the top of your dashboard in Medium, in 30-day segments, you can track three basic stats for all of your posts: views, reads, and recommendations. A chart gives you an overall view of how your content is performing. All of your stories are listed below this chart. Clicking on the post changes the bar graph to show that storys stats.  You can also see those same three stats, plus an extra one (read ratio), for each story that you write. Each story you write on medium has four stats for just that story. Sometimes the most viewed are the least read, which is more common than we realize on our own blogs. Views: This is the classic stat, and answers how many sets of eyeballs saw your story. It is, pure and simple, a measurement of who came in to take a peek. Reads: This stat is a bit different. In some ways, its similar to the idea of a bounce, but not exactly. A bounce is when someone visits your site, and then leaves without doing anything beyond that initial page that brought them in. Your bounce rate analytics dont really tell you if anyone read what you had on the page. It simply says they left after this one page. Medium measures whether or not someone actually read your article. So, your views and your reads will not always be the same number. Read Ratio: Medium uses an algorithm that calculates how many people actually read your post out of those that view it. Though it isnt clear on how this is measured, Medium has indicated that they want to use this in determining which posts get recommended or more visibility on their site. According to Ev Williams, founder at Medium, read ratio has an effect on how your post is ranked and found (emphasis added by me): It’s not a direct popularity ranking. It takes in a variety of factors, including whether or not a post seems to actually have been read (not just clicked on) and whether people click the â€Å"Recommend† button at the bottom of posts. The ratio of people who view it who read it and who read it and recommend it are important factors, not just the number. (This is an attempt to level of the playing field for those who don’t already have large followings and/or a penchant for writing click-bait headlines.) In other words, they want to promote posts that get read, and not just clicked on. A sexy headline might grab, but the content better hold em. Its an attempt to put an end to viral content that doesnt actually get read, and maybe an attempt to stop people from gaming the system. Sharing and recommendations are done at the bottom of a story in Medium. Recommendations: This stat shows how many people recommended (kind of like a share) the post on Medium. The number of people who recommend your post also plays into how it is ranked in Mediums system. The button to recommend a post is found at the bottom of the post (as are the social share buttons), where youd naturally click it if you had theoretically read the post.  This is in contrast to the popular idea that social sharing buttons should be at the top of your blog post or page. Again, Medium seems to be going against the current and wanting their system to be built on promoting the reading of posts, not mindless sharing. Why Does Reader Behavior Matter? Out of the four stats that Medium offers, the two that stand out as something different from traditional analytics is reads and read ratio. These two stats are putting a number on something that was previously difficult to measure: is anyone reading what Im writing? Proof That Your Content Is Valuable In some situations, the case can be made for not really worrying whether anyone is reading or not. There are times Im blogging more for myself and to achieve clarity of thought on particular ideas rather than whether or not someone is reading. Plus, as a writer, sometimes you need to be careful to not get too caught up in whether or not you are being 100% read.  These sentiments are fine for a personal or hobby blog. But what if you are a business investing time and money into content creation with a specific desired return?  It matters if anyone is reading. You need to know the investment isnt being wasted.  Your job might even require that you offer some proof that people are reading the content youre being paid to write. Clicks and shares are fine, but to be able to say that your content is read 90% of the time is quite a different matter. On @Medium, it matters if people actually read what you write. How about on your own blog?Leads To Better Writing The idea of measuring how much of your content is read should lead to better writing (if you care about people reading).  It used to be enough to measure clicks, hits, and shares (often based on click-bait headlines), but Medium has introduced an interesting new dynamic: it matters if people actually read what you are writing. When you have a number to work with, you have something you can measure and improve.  Typical blog stats dont exactly measure whether people read your posts or not, so that wasnt important for you. Instead, you likely focused on methods, such as headlines or social sharing, to get them to click and get hits because that was what you were able to measure. Medium has attempted to change this. The very nature of putting a number on readability makes it unsurprising that people are already asking about  how to get their read ratio up.  What gets your read ratio up? You cant control how much time people have to devote to reading, but you can control whether or not youre writing something worthwhile. On Medium, especially, shocking headlines and regurgitated content that others are writing wont fly. You might get the view, but you wont get the reads. What can you do to get people to read more of your story? Shocking headlines dont always work. Better Understanding Of Engagement How many times do you get comments to your blog post and you  know  the reader didnt fully read (if at all) the post? I know more than once Ive found myself absolutely confused by the comments people have left, and I wonder did they even read this post? Mediums measurement of reads, combined with a comment system that happens not at the bottom but as the post is read, helps you better understand the engagement you receive and perhaps weeds out the wacky comments of someone who has not read your post at all. Test Long And Short Content This is not exactly a stat associated directly with read ratio, but it is another aspect of how Medium is trying to tap into the actual reading behavior of people. In the story itself, Medium shows readers an estimate of how long a post will take to read. Medium shows you how long it will take to read a post. Blogger Matt Swanson talks about the benefits he gets as a reader in knowing how much time he will commit to what he is about to read, and what effects that information has on whether he even starts to read or not. Medium is, after all, catering to the readers experience and letting them know how much time they will have to invest to get the whole story is part of that. Lets use another example. On Hulu.com, Im told during the commercial break whether the commercial is 1 of 2, or maybe 1 of 4. What do I do when I see that? If its a set of four commercials, I have time to go to the kitchen and get something to drink, but if its only one or two commercials, I just stick around. While I have the option at any time to pause the show, you cant skip through commercials on Hulu and its easier to just let them play and skip them while leaving if I know theres enough time. All of that to say: I make decisions on what I will do with the content based on how much time it will take me to commit to it. So, when a reader sees that your post is only going to take about two minutes to read, or that it will take eight minutes to read, it will have some effect on the decisions readers make about your post. The effect will vary based on your readers, how you write, and if you are established as a thought leader.  Some of the very long articles written by established journalists or content sources get read despite estimated read times of more than 10 minutes. That might not work for you. Readers make decisions on what to do with content based on time they must commit to it.How this estimated read time impacts your views and read ratio would be a fascinating A/B test for each writer. Similar topics and titles, but as a longer version and shorter version. Look at your content in general and see if you find a correlation between read time and view/read ratio. There has been quite a bit of discussion lately about how Google search likes longer content, but with Medium–a site very much about the reader and promotion based on what is worth reading–high quality short content might be just as viable. Medium Wants Your Stories, Not Your Articles What does all of this talk about Medium have to do with you, a WordPress blogger using ? Its because these Medium stats indicate a possible trend on where content is going, and in some ways, its quite different from what youve been hearing you ought to do elsewhere. Traditionally, getting more readers is less popular than the idea of getting more traffic. Mediums approach flies in the face of that. Instead of a focus on traffic, Medium is focusing on readers. 1. Medium is basing discovery of your content on whether or not people have read it. Not hits, not sexy headlines.  Readability, not gimmicks or tricks, wins. 2. Do you notice how Medium, on its dashboard and elsewhere, does not refer to what you write as blog posts, or content? It calls them stories, and thats the key here. Medium wants your stories. Medium has visually stripped away anything that might get in the way of the story–no ads, and it uses a clear and simplified design.  Medium caters to readers, and readers like stories. Even readers who say I dont like fiction and stories actually want stories. Stories get read, and Medium is trying to find a way for you to track what gets read and reward that. All of the 25 Ways To Do This blog posts in the world cant hold a candle to the power of something told as a story. A great writer can turn nearly any piece of content into a story. In some ways, its an attempt to level the playing field and say that if you can tell a good story, if you can write well, youll be rewarded.  No tricks or gimmicks will get people to read to the end other than good writing. While your WordPress blog isnt in the walled garden of Medium, and you still have to use the old methods to get found by readers and search engines, it doesnt hurt to consider what Medium is trying to do and see if you cant incorporate a new goal in your writing: Write for readers. Getting read matters. Tell stories.

Information Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Information Security - Essay Example There is also a vast body of empirical evidence that demonstrates that general managers ought to be much more involved in the formulation and implementation of information security because they are more able to assess particular types of risks, more attuned to cost-benefit considerations, and better able to integrate information security into a business organization's larger structure than narrow-minded security specialists (Lacity, 2005). In order to more clearly elaborate how organizations should approach information security issues, this essay will discuss how businesses should strike a balance between information security and information sclerosis and what professional competencies ought to oversee information security policies, procedures, and practices. As an initial matter, it should be noted that information security can be neglected by business organizations (National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1998) as well be over-hyped and made far too complex for complete use (Angus, 2005; Miller, 2005). The most prudent course of action, to be sure, is neither a zero-information security policy nor a systemic approach that is too complex (Angus, 2005) or too expensive (Lacity, 2005) for the organization's needs. A balance needs to be struck. Commenting on a study carried out by the GAO, the National Institute of Standards and Technology established a viable framework for promoting good practices for information security programs; this framework deals with risk assessment, the taking steps to reduce risk, and the creation of a central management group devoted to these risk management functions. This section will address good practices as they pertain to risk assessment and tailoring an information security policy to organizational goals and to remain cost-effective. The essence of an effective risk assessment procedure is not to assume that every conceivable risk can be planned for, but instead to identify steps to reduce the treat of potential risks to levels that are deemed acceptable (Workstation Services Support Group, 1998). This notion of acceptability is crucial to any cost-benefit analysis involving an information security system. The first step is to create a recognition that an organization's informational resources are valuable assets in need of protection. This means creating a pervasive organizational understanding about security risks, new security threats and the procedures for keeping workers informed. The second step is to draft and implement risk assessment procedures which incorporate the information security system into the larger business structure. This means treating information security as a business concern just as much as a technical matter for IT specialists. The third step requires holding individuals accountable for information security issues. This is important as it eliminates the possibility of passing responsibility on to security specialists and demands a comprehensive approach to information security. The fourth and final step requires that security risks be monitored and

Analysis of primary Document.DOCUMENT 20.3 An account of the birth of Essay

Analysis of primary Document.DOCUMENT 20.3 An account of the birth of McDonald's - Essay Example There were no longer any complications. A hamburger was a fried piece of meat with bread. Cheese would cost more. It didn't matter who did the cooking it was set up the same way as though cooking became an assembly line. There were no longer waitresses or placing orders. It was to be fast and efficient. When they had their meeting, Mr Multimixer went back to his hotel room and conceived of a plan which would put McDonalds all over the country. He returned the next day and saw that the operations were the same as the day before. This was something that was new. No one cooked a hamburger with the same technique as the previous person. In 1956, they opened up the first stores, one of which was in Waukegan. They had problems and had to give discounts and send their most important people to different stores. It proved that without a good corporate headquarters and good training, the McDonalds' image of quality and service would never last. These are the basic elements to success. Opening up the first McDonalds', the corporate office realized that without the motto "QSC and V" (Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value), they could not ask the franchisees to work with them and cook the same way. This was the first instance of name brand awareness. Early in the 1960's people knew, that they could go to any McDonald's and get the same food.

Answer the questions in Bold Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Answer the questions in Bold - Essay Example Some of the major barriers to maintaining quality care and patient safety in hospitals include the difficulty of coordinating multiple services for a single patient, sociocultural challenges related to accessing services, and limited insurance coverage. Any of these factors can reduce the likelihood of providing the right care at the right time for the right person, and therefore damage the quality and safety of patient experiences. A variety of strategies can be developed to address these, and other, barriers (De Vos, 2009). The integration of services must be streamlined, and specialized information technology systems could provide the flexibility that professionals need to remain connected as a clinical team, rather than individual providers. Sociocultural issues need to be addressed at a higher level of consideration, such as during the development of health care policies and public awareness strategies. Economic barriers like insurance availability are highly contingent on influ ences above the health care system, and may require government reform procedures to be eliminated. In the United States, hospital accreditation is conducted by independent associations like The Joint Commission. The process is based largely on patient safety, with significant attention given to quality care delivery. Other factors including financial and insurance considerations should be addressed as well. However, the relationship between accreditation and patient experience has been challenged (Heuer,

The problems with Indian education system and recommendations

The problems with Indian education system and recommendations Introduction The Indian education system has come a long way since independence. Several prestigious institutes have been set up including primarily, the Indian Institutes of Technology which are ranked amongst the top 50 engineering institutes in the world. The recent education boom has is a testament to how education in India has become a business today. The full-fledged privatization of Indian educational institutions is by no means a bad thing. This model has worked quite well in the USA and UK. This model fails to be as successful in India however for the following prime reasons: In the USA non-college educated people can still maintain a decent standard of living. In India having a college education is imperative to ensure an above average standard of living. A pure 10th standard graduate in India earns on an average not more than Rs. 40,000 a year. An average BE graduate earns around Rs. 2.5 lakhs a year In India because of a tradition rooted in the class system blue-collar jobs are considered demeaning. To attain a white collar job, even if, for an entry level clerk position, a bachelors degree in arts or commerce is expected. The aforementioned points created a massive market for educational institutions over the last decade. The IT boom has led to a flood of engineers being churned out by the system every year. The value of degree today, ranks above the value of education On an average a BE graduate from an above average engineering college finds a job irrespective of the scores, academic performance and extra-curricular activities. This is driven by the sheer demand for engineers generated by Indias software boom. This demand has in turn created a large number of engineering colleges and institutes across India. It was only with the recent economic downturn that this demand saw a plunge and for the first time in the last 4 years: 22,000 seats in the MHT-EN-CET remained empty Students realized that a degree from a 2nd tier engineering institute held limited value when the time came to take up a job. The education business in India needs to be revamped. The unfettered and uncontrolled growth of educational institutes has led to a dip in the quality of education provided. The educational landscape India as a culture has conventionally focused on the wrong aspects of education. This trend may be partially attributed to the rote style of learning things propounded by the classic system of Gurukul from ancient India. This encouragement of rote style of learning begins from the primary school level. Primary and secondary school 73% of primary schools are government funded and 27% are privately owned schools As a general rule government schools: Have a poor teacher to student ratio >1:40 Less focus on extra-curricular activities Less focus on all-round development Private schools provide only marginally better services. But it is clear that to succeed in India getting high marks through intense rote-style studying has become unavoidable. Primary school and secondary school education in India suffers from the following clearly visible setbacks: Focus on rote learning for all subjects Logical and analytical thinking is not promoted Students are not encouraged to develop opinions Students are discouraged from participating in extra-curricular activities which can help in all round development Broken down subject-wise following deficiencies are commonly observed: Mathematics: More focus on learning up multiplication tables and rapid mental calculations as opposed to theory building Sciences: Less focus on practical experiments Languages: Very high focus on rote learning of poetry and literature as compared to language and vocabulary development Social sciences: Very high focus on rote learning of dates, names and events as compared to development of opinion and creation of social awareness A major consequence of this rote-style of education is that students forget their lessons by the time they go to college because the object of their studies had been examination oriented. At a time when an individual is expected to study integrated circuit technology he/she may have forgotten the three orders of a lever. Junior college In our system after the 10th standard board examinations the student has to attend 2 more years of college before moving into graduate education. Depending upon the location of the student he/she has three choices: State board ISC board CBSE board Students who intend to get into the engineering stream have the following choices: Get into the state board and try for local engineering colleges Get into ISC or CBSE board and try for AIEEE national institutes of technology or give JEE to get into the prestigious IITs Students who want to get into medicine have to work towards AICTE or give try out for the local medical colleges. The few students who intend to avoid both are at liberty to opt for any of the boards without much consideration. The prime educational set-backs faced here assuming the student intends to enter a science stream are as follows: The student may not be able to adapt to the shift of focus away from languages and social sciences Students tend to neglect college education in favor of studying for upcoming entrance examinations including AIEEE, JEE and CETs In essence this 2 year period proves to be a study leave of sorts. The students studies during these two years focuses on scraping through the entrance examination at the end of the tunnel as opposed to the studies at hand. Higher studies The Indian education system is known for its highly competitive nature. The top two most difficult academic entrance examinations in the World today are Indian. By acceptance rates: IIT Joint Entrance Examinations with a 0.3% acceptance rate IIM Common Admission Test with a 0.5% acceptance rate Earlier academic performance is rarely an indication of success in the JEE. Only 30% of 10th standard board toppers make it through JEE This is largely attributed to the inclusion of languages and social sciences in the board results. But more significantly JEE demands a higher level of application of physics, chemistry and mathematics than the students are exposed to. Students are engineered to answer board examination papers in school with repeated questions and theoretical redundancies. The JEE is an examination where questions are rarely repeated year on year and it is very difficult to engineer a student to clear this examination. Everyone wants to get into IITs but not everyone can. The JEE is one of the most difficult examinations to get through in the world ranked at number 3. IIT Joint Entrance examinations have an acceptance rate of less than 0.3% The result of this acutely low figure is that 99.07% of JEE applicants have to settle for inferior options. The unfortunate truth about Indian engineering colleges is that there are a lot of options but very few good options. The JEE is one of the toughest exams to clear and a major This is true for other fields as well. In comparison most American universities provide a higher quality of education as compared to an Indian institution. The fact that out of the top 100 institutes in world today 67 are American and 4 (the IITs) are Indian supports this contention. Barring financial constraints, it is 40 times easier to get into MIT or Stanford than it is to get into the IITs It is 30 times easier to get into Harvard and Oxford business schools than it is to get into an IIM in terms of acceptance rates. These eye-opening statistics clearly show the bleak situation of our higher education system. A general trend among ambitious students has been to leave the country if they dont get into the prestigious Indian institutes. Students with financially strong backgrounds have limited incentive to stay on and go for a third tier college when they can simply go for higher education to the USA in a more world renowned and reputed university. It is hardly a wonder then that In 2010 more than 88000 students from India travelled to the UK and USA for higher education. This is a strong factor in the huge amount of brain-drain that has been occurring through the last decade. The statistics show that even the recession has not slowed down the exodus of Indian students to universities abroad. Once the students get settled there and have paid in dollars it almost becomes an imperative that they earn in dollars as well to cover up their Recommendations for the Indian education system: At Primary and Secondary school level: A best-of system should be introduced to encourage where only a certain number of subjects would be considered for the students assessment. Other significant subjects must enforce a nominal passing percentage requirement. This system will help a student focus on his/her interests and not be held back or bogged down by his weaknesses. There should be a grading system where extra-curricular and co-curricular activities should be made compulsory where every student may choose an area of his/her liking. This will work towards the students all-round development. The student should be given credit for his/her extracurricular activities. A full-fledged review needs to be performed to revise the whole curriculum. Education focus needs to shift from rote-based learning to application based learning. These steps are necessary to ensure a strong base is created for higher education. At junior college(11th and 12th standard) level: The 2 years between 10th standard boards and graduate education are critical to every student as they help them develop a compass for the future. It is in these years that the students develop a sense of their career ambitions and goals. During this period the student should be given exposure to all possible fields to develop a potential career. Extensive counseling should be provided to ensure that the student develops a good idea of what is a feasible course for the future. To the farthest extent possible entrance examination studies should be incorporated into elective geared towards the syllabi of these examinations The above recommendations strike at the government policy level and are by no means easy to implement. Moreover while they have an almost utopian quality, these policies are bound to be bogged down by bureaucratic hurdles and administrative red tape. Most significantly implementing these policies would require the kind of political will that has not been seen at the centre or state governments since independence. These policies are bound to raise several objections amongst people doubting their soundness. They are however nothing but an extrapolation of the more successful education practices implemented in the USA and the UK placed into the Indian scenario. Following are recommendations at a graduate and post-graduate level of higher education. Higher education in India is not controlled by the government to the extent primary and secondary school education is. At the graduate and post-graduate level: The most glaring deficiency at the graduate and post-graduate level of education in India is the inflexibility of the system. The single-track attitude of Indian education has led to extreme focus on specialization and the aversion to shift streams and take electives unrelated to the stream. US universities have a highly flexible system at the graduate level allowing someone to start off as with a computer science major and shift into economics through the course of his bachelor degree. The credit system works greatly towards this. Following are a few facilities that a new age university may provide: Indian colleges usually lack the University format prevalent throughout the western world. Barring a few, most Universities do not have a common campus and several colleges function almost as autonomous entities. Setting up University towns is a solution that may work towards this end. Real-estate in large cities is hard to come by; setting up towns with self-sustaining infrastructure could work towards this end. Flexibility in electives can be implemented more easily in the University format. While flexibility is detrimental at the post-graduate level it is certainly a feasible option. Credit systems prevalent in the west can be used to achieve this end. 72 % of engineering graduates aspire to get placements in management consultancies and banks* This is attributed to a higher level of remuneration offered by these corporations. It would hence be profitable to the universities if they offered electives relevant to economic, management and finance along with engineering. The universities need to have a high quality of education and need to revamp their system. Most new age colleges blindly follow outdate practices to adhere to prescribed norms to be associated with a University. Mumbai University has seen a sharp decline in quality over the past decade. Colleges tend to adhere to non-value adding activities like maintaining lab-journals. In reality students rarely actually perform the experiment. A large amount of students time is spent conforming to degree requirements then actually learning something. 84% of Mumbai university engineering graduates are dissatisfied with their education* 75% of Mumbai university engineering graduates do not know how to use MS Excel* If the process were consisted irrespective of how inexorably marred with red-tape and formality it were, then it would be acceptable. But the evaluations in the centralized examinations in the first and fourth years are rampant with administrative incompetence. A Mumbai university teacher is given around Rs.30 paise per paper for evaluation This shocking statistic clearly shows that the teacher rarely has any strong incentive to evaluate the paper sincerely. It should hardly come as a surprise then that Around 30000 papers are sent for reevaluation every year despite the cumbersome procedure and a Rs. 500 fee The new-age university needs to avoid the mistakes made by Mumbai University. It has degenerated in terms of quality of education over the years. The university must maintain a high standard to ensure that it remains economically sustainable while catering to the needs of the students. Things move slowly at the government level but if the private sector were given a strong incentive (financial) then certainly world class universities can be set up. Students in India are willing to pay a large amount of money for education a good university abroad. An average student pays $50000 as the total expenditure for a post-graduation degree and $80000 for a graduation degree including sundry expenses abroad Amounting to more than Rs. 300000. It is clear that there is a large enough market of students from economically strong backgrounds that would be willing to pay a large sum of money necessary to maintain an international standard of quality of education. For a private university it will be difficult to build up a brand name instantly. The best way for the private sector to ensure a rapid brand building exercise could be: Associated with a corporate brand like the TATAs have done with their institutes. People are more likely to join institutes associated with respected corporations. Get international brand associations with other world class universities. Having an association with Harvard or MIT would certainly justify the high fees that these institutions are likely to charge Since sundry costs in India will be considerably lower than those of foreign institutions it is undeniable that student will end up spending considerably less than the expenditure incurred in education abroad. A university providing a world class education at premium costs but lesser than the costs of education abroad would cater to a large untapped niche audience. There is a large potential for such world class universities. Conclusion The recommendations made in this paper are by no means easy to implement. But as mentioned in the beginning education has become highly privatized and become a business. The recommendations provided in the paper requiring a change in governmental policies will be extremely difficult to implement. It will be an unpopular move for any government to stir up a system that has been designed to be politically correct as opposed to productive. But at the university level strong measures can be taken to encourage private investors into the idea of a network of world class universities to rival the IITs and the IIMs.

Binary Essay -- Math

Do you remember watching the movie, The Matrix? Do you remember the green columns of zeroes and ones that were streaming down the screen? Those ones and zeros are part of a numbering system called Binary. Binary is a simple system that only utilizes two character symbols but accomplishes large counting tasks. Binary is not a number system you would want to use for everyday tasks because there are no shortcuts, you have to do the equation the same way every time and it takes a long time to do most calculations. That is why we use what is called the Denary (AKA Decimal) number system. The Denary number system is called a base-10 system as opposed to Binary being called a base-2 system. Base-10 means that the system uses ten different characters as symbols, 0-9. As stated above Binary uses only two character symbols, 0-1. The chart below should demonstrate how the two system look compared to one another. Denary Binary Denary Binary 1 1 11 1011 2 10 12 1100 3 11 13 1101 4 100 14 1110 5 101 15 1111 6 110 16 10000 7 111 17 10001 8 1000 18 10010 9 1001 19 10011 10 1010 20 10100 Binary has operations just like the Denary system has. Binary addition is the operation that is the most basic and also should give the best example of how the system works. In the Denary system addition works by placing one digit above the other and adding there values. The same goes for Binary. The only difference is how you add zeros and ones. If one has 1+0 or 0+1 the answer is 1. Or if one 0+0 the answer one would get is 0. That all is straight forward but when one gets 1+1 the answer is 10. The reason for this is because there is not a 2 in Binary, but if there were it is 10. Examples of each systems addition is below. Denary Binary 5 ... ...Binary Number System | World of Mathematics Summary, n.d.). This led to Binary being called the machine language because it is very easy to interpret 0 and 1. A machine such as computer can see 0 and 1 as on and off (Leverkuhn, n.d.). For example, a computer processor has inside of it millions of switches that can be turned on and off. This system of on and off tells the computer what it needs to do. Computers may seem as if they have a brain and have very high intelligence but in reality they are just listening for a bell to toll to perform a desired action. Dr. Ka-Wing Wong, Head of Computer Science at Eastern Kentucky University would say, â€Å"Computers are stupid.† Binary is the basis for the Computer Science field communicates with computer. This is also the main purpose of Binary in today’s world. Without Binary the world would be less technologically advanced.

Introduction To Curriculum Development Education Essay

To get down with, all the trainees, of the Boys Department, had a meeting with the curate, who told us a spot about the college and its staff members. He, so, pointed out some regulations that the instructors must stay to, for illustration, the male instructors should have on a tie and the female 1s should avoid dressing in denims or pants. Afterwards, he leads us towards the staff room and we introduce ourselves to the instruction staffs. We, the mathematics trainees, were told to loosen up for the first twenty-four hours and so, we stay in the staff room till the school ends. The 2nd twenty-four hours, I followed Mr Gaudy ‘s lower six category and two of Mr Navin ‘s category. On the 3rd twenty-four hours, I was transferred to another section. There, I followed Mr Inder ‘s category and most of the clip I really did his category. He had categories with the Form III and Form IV pupils. With the Form IV pupils, he was explicating a subject on absolute mistake and the Form III pupils were analyzing matrices. However, as Mr Inder had merely a few categories, it meant that I was free most of the clip and so, I proposed to Mr Saidoo to let me to follow his categories. Mr Saidoo was a prevocational instructor. It should be noted that most of the pupils of this section were prevocational 1s. I participated in an inter-department Quiz competition where I was given the function of the time-keeper. Before the Quiz competition, Mr Inder told me to do a speedy alteration with the two participants and the latter really won the competition by crushing the Form IV boys from Department A. I besides attended two chitchats, one on smoke and the other was about the jobs confronting the young person. My Experience as a Replacee Teacher After my graduation from university in July 2008, I had the chance to work as a replacee instructor at Hamilton College ( Boys ) till the terminal of the school twelvemonth in October 2008. There, I had the chance to work with the pupils of Form III up to Form VI. The topics that I taught were English and Mathematics. Overall, it was a really fruitful experience as I had the juncture to work with the HSc pupils, both male childs and misss. Furthermore, I learnt that learning is non a simple occupation as a batch of readying is needed so as to do the instruction and acquisition experiences a success. One other experience I gained was about how to carry on scrutiny and all the troubles it entails sing be aftering the scrutinies every bit good as the invigilation agenda. My Experience as a Full-Time Teacher In January 2009, I joined Dar-Ul-Ma'arif Secondary School where I taught Mathematics and Additional Mathematics with the Form 4 and Form 5 pupils, male childs and misss individually. The school population was about 110 pupils and there were non many instructors working at that place. So, any instructor had a heavy timetable and had many duties. For case, I was responsible to fix the strategy of work for Mathematicss and Additional Mathematics for the Form 4 and Form 5 despite being a novitiate in the profession. Furthermore, during my say at Dar-Ul-Ma'arif, I did a six month class at Mauritius Institute of Education for the Educator ‘s Licence which helped me a batch to understand the pupils. In February 2010, I joined the Doha Academy Secondary School. Chapter Two – The Bachelor in Education ( B.Ed ) Course Besides entry of a thesis and the portfolio at the terminal of the academic twelvemonth, the B.Ed class comprised of the undermentioned faculties: Sociology of Education Doctrine of Education Education Psychology Introduction to Curriculum Development Appraisal and Evaluation Education Management and Supervision Instructional Technology Tendency in Pedagogy Educational Research Capable Didactics ( Mathematics ) Functional English In the following parts of this chapter, issues raised in five of the faculties will be discussed and reflected upon. 2.1 Doctrine of Education This faculty enabled me to hold a deeper penetration about what instruction is. Dr Rassool, the lector, made us reflect upon our ain doctrine of instruction and without a uncertainty, it helped us to better understand ourselves as instructors. A learning doctrine statement is â€Å" a systematic and critical principle that focuses on the of import constituents specifying effectual instruction and acquisition in a peculiar subject and/or institutional context † ( Schonwetter et al. , 2002, p.84 ) . 2.1.1 My Teaching Philosophy â€Å" Teaching should be such that what is offered is perceived as a valuable gift instead than a difficult responsibility † – Albert Einstein Bing a mathematics instructor every bit good as a lover of the topic, there are some characteristics of mathematics that makes it a really particular subject. To call a few: Mathematicss is an first-class rational game where all the participants win. Mathematicss is besides a theoretical account that can be used for developing independent and critical thought. Mathematicss can be seen as a linguistic communication that allows us to pass on thoughts exactly between ourselves. Last, mathematics is a tool used in natural scientific disciplines and, therefore, a needed subject for many pupils. The above statements entirely actuate me to portion my mathematical cognition, among others, to my pupils. However, my ends for learning mathematics are many. First, communicate to my pupils that mathematics is a merriment and better their assurance approximately mathematics every bit good as cut downing their anxiousness about mathematics. Other ends are: Develop a mathematical sense about measures, geometry, and symbols every bit good as a assortment of problem-solving schemes and basic computational accomplishments Enable pupils to do judgements based on quantitative information, to turn out basic consequences, to read mathematics efficaciously and to understand their ain idea procedures Ensure that pupils truly understand constructs Establish constructive pupil attitudes about mathematics Facilitate acquisition of life-long acquisition accomplishments Foster a desire to inquire mathematics inquiries, critical thought, pupil find of mathematics and surrogate apprehension of the cogent evidence of cardinal theorems Teach the beauty of mathematics Aid pupils learn the cardinal theorems and their applications Improve pupils ‘ apprehension of engineering Increase the figure of mathematics big leagues every bit good as the pupils ‘ mathematical cognition Model expert problem-solving Motivate pupils to do an attempt to larn mathematics Open the doors to other chances for pupils Prepare future mathematicians, pupils for proficient callings and pupils to be knowing grownups Thatch applications to other Fieldss ; particularly for abstract topics like vectors whereby pupils frequently ask the inquiry: â€Å" where will vectors used us in our life? † Teach reckoner and computing machine accomplishments, cardinal constructs, generalizing, logical logical thinking, mathematical authorship, foretelling, problem-solving and proof-reading of mathematics Thatch pupils how to interpret back and Forth between words and mathematics Thatch pupils to work collaboratively My mathematics schoolroom features multiple methods of direction that depends chiefly on the subject to be taught and my experience with how single pupil best learn mathematics. On some occasions, the student-centred attack is undertaken while on other occasions, small-group probes, among others, are carried out. These assorted schoolroom patterns help turn to the varied acquisition manners found in the mathematics schoolroom. Furthermore, I prepare my categories meticulously, but I like to improvize whenever possible. I dislike being interrupted during my account but I love it when the pupils ask inquiries afterwards ; and I congratulate them for any good inquiries and remarks. Prophet Muhammad ( Peace and Blessing of God Almighty be upon him ) one time said: â€Å" Facilitate things to people and do non do it difficult for them † ( Sahih Al-Bukhari ) . Since I learnt about this expression, I try effortlessly to use it in my day-to-day life and particularly in my instruction. 2.1.2 Criticism The positive facet of this faculty is that it makes one reflect a batch on issues related to instruction. However, compared to other faculties, this one is more bulky and we have excessively small clip to cover everything. Furthermore, this faculty was presented by Dr Rassool who had three faculties with us and many a clip, we could non calculate out what faculty that we are really making. In my sentiment, this faculty can non be assessed through scrutiny as it is excessively abstract a topic. 2.1.3 Self-Reflection The first of import facet of the class was to assist us understand better what instruction is. Previously, I thought that instruction was merely transportation of cognition from the instructor to the pupils. But, at the terminal, of the class, I realised that instruction is much more than a transportation of cognition. Among the assorted definitions of instruction that I came across throughout the class, there is one put frontward by Dr Sohawon that I truly appreciated and upon which there is a batch to reflect. Harmonizing to Dr Sohawon, instruction is â€Å" the deliberate and systematic influence exerted by the mature individual upon the immature, through direction, subject, and harmonious development of physical, rational, aesthetic, societal and religious powers of the human being, harmonizing to single and societal demands and directed towards the brotherhood of the educated with his Godhead as the concluding terminal. † 2.2 Instructional Technology Upon farther reading sing articles related to this faculty, I came across a term that caught my attending. The term was coined by Professor Prensky ( 2001, p.1 ) who stated that, today, school pupils are â€Å" digital indigens † and they â€Å" are all ‘native talkers ‘ of the digital linguistic communication of computing machines, video games and the Internet † . The different talks provided with farther penetrations about the usage of information and communications engineering ( ICT ) in the field of instruction. 2.2.1 Application of ICT in Education Ertmer et Al. ( 1999 ) identified three degrees of instructors ‘ computing machine usage, changing in their relationship to the bing course of study. These involve utilizing ICT as: a addendum to the course of study, a support or enrichment of the course of study, or a facilitator for an emerging course of study. The emerging ICT tools that may be utile in the instruction and acquisition of Mathematicss can be subdivided into two chief classs: Mathematicss package For the lower secondary pupils, the freeware Graph can be used for the subject Coordinates Geometry to pull simple additive graphs in the signifier. Thereof, pupils shall be able to place the different points on the line. This really light but utile package can besides be used with the Form IV pupils to pull quadratic curves every bit good as other maps like cubic, trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential. For 3-D representations of objects, the freeware Microsoft Mathematics 4.0 can be used. It has many characteristics from different of import Mathematicss subjects runing from statistics to trigonometry to calculus among others. This freeware may besides be used to explicate â€Å" absolutely † the subject on pulling simple additive inequalities and hence to happen the needed part fulfilling two or more inequalities. The Yenka freeware is another great mathematical package that incorporates different facets of mathematics and particularly the subjects in Statistics. Explaining the construct of chance becomes much more easy with it as lifes are besides provided. For case, when explicating about the different results possible when fliping two coins, Yenka provides a 3-D life whereby two coins are tossed. At the same clip, a tree diagram is constructed. Social Media The different societal media that I find dependable to integrate in instruction and acquisition are: Web log A web log can be created by the instructor whereby notes on specific subjects may be posted every bit good as related pictures can be embedded. Blogs besides offers the ability to post exposures. Useful links can besides be shared. Another benefit is that it offered the participants, that is, the pupils the possibility to post remarks and so, pupils can give their feedbacks and portion their positions. Wikis Like web logs, wikis can be created to post of import information about Mathematical subjects. But unlike web logs, participants can besides redact the station by adding other utile information. However, the danger is that can cancel any information or station information non related to the subject. Social Networking Sites ( SNS ) such as Facebook The different characteristics offered by Facebook make it a really utile tool in the instruction and acquisition of Mathematics. Some of these utile characteristics areFor instructorsBookTag: This app offers a great manner to portion and loan books out to pupils, plus make helpful quizzes for analyzing. Webinaria Screencast Recorder: Record a picture for pupils, and portion it with this application. Mathematical Formulas: Distribute expressions, solutions, and more with this application. SlideShare: Create presentations to direct to pupils with this slideshow application.For pupilsBooks iRead: Share the books you ‘re reading, and see what others think of books with this application. Notely: Form your school life with Notely, an app that helps you wrangle your calendar, notes, assignments, and more. Survey Groups: Get everyone together on your group undertaking by join forcesing with this application. HeyMath! : These mini-movies explain hard math constructs, so these are great to portion with pupils or utilize on your ain. ( Monaghan, 2008 ) A ‘fan page ‘ can besides be created to advance Mathematics. Each ‘Like ‘ will increase its popularity. Chirrup Refering its educational usage, it may enable the instructor to ‘tweet ‘ utile links and reminders to his pupils, for case, about an appraisal to be done in the coming hebdomad or to make a research on a peculiar subject. Furthermore, it has the characteristic of sentiment canvass. This may benefits the professional growing of the instructor. Vodcast The usage of Vodcast might benefits pupil that were absent for a peculiar lesson or have non to the full grasped the different constructs in a lesson. It may besides be an advantage when making alteration. The instructor can utilize the picture to measure his ain instructions. 2.2.2 Criticism This faculty was every bit interesting as all other faculties but I believe that this faculty needs to be accompanied with practical exercisings and lesser literature. These practical exercisings could be assessed and evaluated. 2.2.3 Self-Reflection The ‘Instructional Technology ‘ faculty provided us with introducing thoughts to heighten the instruction and larning experiences every bit good as to actuate pupils and instructors. While researching on the subject, I came to gain how powerful a tool engineering can be and besides how the worldwide web can be a manner of making out to different sorts of pupils. For case, Facebook has got many applications that would do Mathematicss much more easy and gratifying. I unfeignedly believe that engineering can be an integrating portion of the instruction and learning experience but before its integrating, there needs to be a alteration in the course of study, particularly for the usage of engineering in test. What is the point of utilizing a batch of engineering in learning and larning but in tests, merely really few pieces of engineering are allowed? At the same clip, I fear the abuse of engineering and its impact on society. 2.3 Introduction to Curriculum This faculty helped many of us pupils to understand the construct of course of study and at the same clip, to clearly distinguish the course of study from the course of study. Tyler ( 1949 ) defines the course of study as ‘all the acquisition of the topics which is planned by and directed by the school to achieve its educational ends ‘ . The different types of course of study were besides discussed. 2.3.1 Types of Curriculum Curriculum is subdivided chiefly as Official course of study Harmonizing to Posner ( 1992, p.10 ) , the official course of study, besides known as the written course of study â€Å" gives the basic lesson program to be followed, including aims, sequence, and stuffs. This provides the footing for answerability. † It can be said that the official course of study consists of the course of study and content of different topics, the legal model, the scrutinies, the school and its substructure, the disposal amongst others. Taught course of study The taught course of study, besides known as the operational course of study is â€Å" what is taught by the instructor, and how it is communicated. This includes what the instructor Teachs in category and the acquisition results for the pupil † ( Posner, 1992, p.10-12 ) . Therefore, the taught portion of course of study involves all the instruction and acquisition experiences that take topographic point in the schoolroom when pedagogues interact with pupils and vice-versa. Personally, I normally adopt different learning schemes with my pupil. The learner-centred instruction attack and the squad instruction attack are favoured for the upper categories while the important manner is favoured with the lower categories as it is a democratic attack in which the rights of both the instructor and the kid are recognized and respected compared to the autocratic manner ( Shaffer & A ; Kipp, 2007 ) . Formative appraisals are performed during the lessons so as to obtain feedbacks to both the scholar and myself and thereof, learning schemes are altered consequently. Hidden course of study Harmonizing to Horn ( 2003, p.298 ) , concealed course of study is defined as â€Å" the unrecognised and sometimes unintended cognition, values, beliefs that are portion of the acquisition procedure in schools and schoolrooms † . It can be deduced that the concealed course of study refers to those things which pupils learn indirectly at school. For illustration during a lesson, different teaching-learning schemes are used for active engagement. This indirectly inculcated values and accomplishments in them such as: Keeping subject Obedience To be democratic, that is, freedom of sentiment to give replies without any fright of being incorrect Tolerance and forbearance towards others ‘ sentiments to go good hearers To be critical, they are asked to notice on their friends replies in instance they do n't hold Social interactions through group treatments and whole category treatments Communication accomplishments are developed Null course of study Harmonizing to Posner ( 1992, p.10-12 ) , the nothing course of study â€Å" consists of what is non taught † . Eisner ‘s ( 1995 ) place on the â€Å" void course of study † is that when certain topics or subjects are left out of the overt course of study, school forces are directing messages to pupils that certain content and procedures are non of import plenty to analyze. When the Mathematics course of studies of Cambridge for the O-level and A-level every bit good as that of the National Assessment at Form III, prepared by the Mauritius Institute of Education, are exhaustively analysed, it is observed that two really of import constituents of Mathematicss have non been included, viz. History of Mathematicss. The mathematician Glaisher one time said that â€Å" no topic loses more than mathematics by any effort to disassociate it from its history. † Hayes ( 1991 ) stated: â€Å" I believe that it is a sedate error and mistake of scheme to try to learn mathematics without mention to its cultural, societal, philosophical and historical background † . † Application of Mathematicss in existent life state of affairss for complex subjects. From past experience, when learning complicated subjects, like â€Å" Vector of Plane † , pupils frequently asked the inquiry: â€Å" Why should we analyze this subject? † as for them, they do non understand the importance of such a subject as the jobs they are faced with are sometimes excessively abstract. But, when they are made cognizant of its importance in existent life, they are more eager to make the subject. 2.3.2 Criticism Understanding the construct of course of study and all that it entails was a really of import measure in the calling of an pedagogue. However, cognizing all this and accordingly, placing the assorted defects of a course of study can be seen as a loss of clip as we, as pedagogues, can non make anything to alter a course of study, particularly for S.C and H.S.C, that is prepared by an elect group in England. 2.3.3 Self-Reflection Besides holding had a deeper penetration of instruction, the construct of course of study became much clearer. I realised that when following a peculiar course of study, it is non merely finishing the different subjects involved in the course of study. In fact, the course of study is merely one portion of the course of study and there is more to a course of study. We have the purposes and aims that besides need to be achieved. In fact, these course of studies that we usually follow are the official course of study. However, there is one other type of course of study that is every bit or more of import than the official course of study. It is the concealed course of study. It is through the concealed course of study that moral values and moralss are passed on. Therefore, this helped me to be even more cautious in category as acting severely or weirdly would ensue in the pupils acting as such. Sometimes, when I observe a pupil acting severely, I say to myself that possibly the pupil is acting like this because of his instructor who was rude. Besides, upon farther contemplation, on a larger graduated table, I came to gain that possibly the manner ordinary people behave may be the consequence of how those who are regulating them behave. 2.4 Education, Management and Supervision Among the many of import constructs learnt in this faculty, there is one that I think is indispensable for every instructor to possess – managerial accomplishments in the schoolroom. 2.4.1 Managerial Skills Required by Teachers in the Classroom Mintzberg ( 1973 ) identified the undermentioned managerial accomplishments: Leadership Skill This accomplishment is concerned with the ability of the instructor to actuate and assist his pupils and at the same clip, to cover with their jobs efficaciously. For those pupils who are per se motivated, the instructor merely acts as an instigator and a facilitator. However, for those pupils who are non motivated, the instructor ‘s leading function is critical of import to actuate them. As a Mathematics instructor, the undermentioned schemes can be adopted to actuate the pupils: The instructor himself/herself must be seen as being motivated Find suited ways to do pupils love the topic State the purposes and aims of the capable affair Let the pupils know that the instructor is ever available whenever person is holding troubles in his surveies. Set-up the schoolroom regulations and ordinances in coaction with the pupils. Use different instruction manners in order to fit the diverse larning manners of the pupils. Peer Skill Peer accomplishment would mention to the ability of the instructor to move, at one clip, as a director of the schoolroom and at another clip, as a friend to his pupils. This friendly relationship should be to some bound and the pupils should be made cognizant of it. Otherwise, being excessively friendly would do pandemonium and undiscipline in the category and later, the larning environment of the category would be to a great extent and severely affected. Conflict Resolution Skill Life in a schoolroom is non ever sweet. On and off, things get rancid between the pupils or even between the pupil and the instructor for diverse grounds. Classroom struggles, may it be a minor or a major one, must be dealt with every bit shortly as they arise so as to forestall the state of affairs from acquiring out of control. Otherwise, they would botch the instruction and larning environment of the schoolroom. Information Processing Skill This accomplishment is about the instructor ‘s ability to pull out, collect and portion information relevant to the capable affair or subject. In the traditional position of instruction and acquisition, the instructor was the exclusive beginning of cognition and hence, the category was dominantly teacher-oriented. However, despite the fact that this attack to learning and acquisition is regarded as being disused, some topics, like mathematics, are most of the clip teacher-centred. But, a good mathematics instructor would happen ways to do his category an gratifying and fruitful experience. A good mathematics instructor should be able to utilize a assortment of learning manners in order to do the topic appear interesting and easy, and at the same clip, cater for the different acquisition manners of his/her pupils. Resource Allocation Skill This skill trades with the instructor ‘s ability to pull off his clip decently and to make out to each pupil ‘s encountered troubles. The best manner to accomplish these is through proper lesson planning. From past experience, the followers should be taken into consideration when fixing a lesson program: Carry out one lesson at a clip The purpose and aims of the lesson should be good set and the pupils should be made cognizant of it Since about all subjects in mathematics is based on some pre-requisites, ever recall those old cognition in order to acquire the pupils in the temper Based on the trouble of the subject, take a considerable sum of clip to to the full explicate the subject, taking into consideration the jobs pupils are holding and blow no clip to unclutter these misconceptions Allow pupils to hold sufficient sum of clip to pattern some jobs in category and at the same clip, utilize this ‘free ‘ clip to cover separately with those holding farther jobs Summarize the whole lesson Give a sensible sum of prep Reserve the following session for rectifying prep and for farther pattern ( remedial plants if needed ) A well-prepared lesson program non merely affect the resource allotment accomplishment but besides the entrepreneurial accomplishment of the teacher-manager as the latter trades with the ability of the instructor to look for jobs and chances that may originate during a lesson and thereof, implement the necessary alteration swimmingly. 2.4.1.6 Introspection Skill This maybe the most of import accomplishment needed by a teacher-manager. It deals with the instructor ‘s ability to reflect upon his ain work and the impact it has on his pupils. In other words, after each lesson, the instructor needs to self-evaluate himself. Successful rating would be that learning and acquisition has occurred and each pupil has understood the lesson and all plants have been completed. Else, the instructor needs to alter his learning schemes and/or behavior in category. 2.4.2 Criticism Dr Sohawon made this talk lively through his assorted real-life instances and so, it was an gratifying and enriching experience. However, some facets of the faculty, I believe, are out of range of a instructor, for case, the construct of quality control. I think that these constructs should be taught to a group of experient educational officers that entirely has for occupation to supervise the public presentation of instructors and pupils. 2.4.3 Self-Reflection At the beginning of the faculty, I thought that the subjects were beyond me as I am comparatively new to learning and the lector was speaking about being a director, a supervisor or an inspector and how to pull off or oversee. But, as the faculty was dealt farther, these managerial manners and accomplishments are as of import for a instructor as they are for a director. This is because, in the category, I concluded that the instructor has multiple functions. Furthermore, since I have been appointed as Section Leader for Form 4 and Form 5 ( Boys ) , I am gaining the importance of the different theories learnt in the faculty sing managing and supervision. 2.5 Tendencies in Pedagogy This faculty, harmonizing to me, is one of the most of import faculties of the whole class as it covered really of import subjects which are straight related to the instructor and his instructions. Among the many fruitful subjects, I would wish to portion my positions on instructor motive as it is a subject that is non frequently talked about. 2.5.1 Teacher Motivation A definition of instructor motive, harmonizing to me, would be a force that drives a instructor to make his best so as the best acquisition environment is formed for pupils. Associated to teacher motive are a low degree rate of absenteeism and a good disciplinary record of the instructor. Harmonizing to Michaelowa ( 2002, p.5 ) , teacher motive can be defined as â€Å" willingness, thrust or desire to prosecute in good instruction † . Hence, mathematically talking, teacher motive is tantamount to efficient instruction and accordingly, efficient acquisition. Some people believe they are born to be instructors. Others believe they have the necessary qualities for being a instructor. Normally, these people are per se motivated instructors. No external factors, positive or negative, would impact their finding to give their best as they care for the pupils and they want to see their pupils achieve in their surveies and in life. For making so, they are willing to make a batch of forfeit and utilize a battalion of schemes for the addition of the pupils. The bulk of instructors need to be motivated extrinsically, that is, their degree of motive is based on some external factors which may be straight related to the school environment or related to personal issues in their private life. A first issue that can assist in actuating a instructor, in my sentiment, is a just and just timetable. Bing a mathematics instructor, it would be really hard and demotivating to work excessively many periods per hebdomad, particularly if there are a batch of lower secondary categories. This is because to learn mathematics, one needs a batch of readying, concentration and energy so as to further a fruitful and dynamic acquisition environment whereby pupils are active and interested in the topic. Otherwise, from past experience, pupils are easy bored in mathematics categories that have a humdrum acquisition environment. Furthermore, instructors are motivated when they have pupils who make attempt and work good every bit good as participate in category. H armonizing to Csikszentmihalyi ( 1990 ) , a individual who is involved in an activity and is working at the extremum of his abilities reaches a province of felicity and satisfaction. Schonfeld ( 1989 ) claimed that being satisfied with one ‘s occupation is an index of morale and motive. Another component for teacher motive is being praised and rewarded by the direction or inspectors/supervisors. Bamisaye ( 1998 ) found that unjust administrative and supervisory patterns tend to sabotage teacher morale. Furthermore, harmonizing to Nwankwo ( 1984 ) , instructors feel extremely motivated when they are consulted about determinations sing their work. One farther component of import for actuating instructors would be a better wage. It is frequently argued that instructors are non being salaried for what they are truly deserving. The student-teacher ratio in a category should besides, harmonizing to me, be sensible. Just imagine learning mathematics with 40 pupils in a category. Will the instructor have sufficient clip to look at each of his pupils separately? To farther motivate instructors extrinsically, all educational installations should be offered to the instructor to to the full show himself suitably in category. For case, in mathematics, while explicating the subject ‘Transformation ‘ , a set of geometrical instruments is needed to heighten instruction and acquisition. Apart from offering the necessary installations for instruction, it would be every bit actuating for instructors to hold installations to rest or loosen up during their free clip. Some instructors, with a position to reenforce their instruction, like to introduce utilizing different schemes which may affect different siting agreement or the usage of modern technological tools. However, if the direction is loath to alterations, the instructor might be demotivated. Hence, holding the support of the direction is critical importance in the devising of well-motivated instruction and acquisition environment. Last, instructors may hold some personal crisis related to their household and relations. Problems such as statements with their childs and partner or divorce or even fiscal jobs, among others, may impact the end product of the instructor. By supplying appropriate psychological services, the direction could assist in work outing the jobs of instructors. In a survey by Gokce ( 2010 ) about instructor demands, there were 29 inquiries about the extent to which their demands were satisfied and 29 inquiries about the importance of those demands. He so compared most of his consequences to Maslow ‘s Hierarchy of Needs ( 1954 ) , reasoning that instructor ‘s psychological demands were non being met, though their most basic demands are. He besides concluded that if instructors know that their most basic demands will be met, it will increase motive. 2.5.2 Criticism I believe that this faculty, along with Functional English, was possibly the most apprehended faculty by all the pupils. Mr Bakarally generated a lively schoolroom environment through his treatments. However, sometimes, we had the same job as with Dr Rassool. We were confused about which faculty we are discoursing due to the fact that we did two faculties with Mr Bakarally, Trends in Pedagogy and Functional English. 2.5.3 Self-Reflection ‘Trends in Pedagogy ‘ allowed me to larn about the different attacks to learning. Upon farther reading, I came to recognize that for better bringing of a peculiar lesson in Mathematics, sometimes, a blend of these attacks is most appropriate depending on the contents of the lesson. For case, the behaviorist attack can be applied to take down secondary pupils holding troubles with simple arithmetic operations by giving them a considerate sum of jobs to undertake. Motivation is another facet of this faculty that I think is indispensable for the proper operation of a schoolroom activity. Without both teacher motive and pupil motive, I think that effectual instruction and acquisition will non happen. Chapter Three – General Decision I can state that after merely a twelvemonth following the B.Ed class, I have grown up professionally as a mature pedagogue. Through the faculties ‘Introduction to Curriculum ‘ and ‘Assessment and Evaluation ‘ among others, I have learnt the necessity of fixing a professional day-to-day lesson program. Five lesson programs have been annexed to the portfolio. Even though the journey was a hard one, I believe it was worthwhile to ship on it in order to be a better instructor. I think that this class helped us to gain that money is a secondary issue for a instructor. The most of import issue for a instructor is to utilize the different agencies at his disposal to bring forth efficient and effectual instruction and acquisition. Success for a instructor I believe is to see his pupils going some of import people in the society.