Classification of Literature

CLASSIFICATIONs OF LITERATURE I. Divisions of Literature Literature Prose Poetry Fiction Nonfiction Dramatic Narrative Lyric Drama Short Story Novel Tale Fable Myth Legends Folktales Essay Biography Autobiography Diary History Chronicle News Anecdote Tragedy Comedy Opera Operetta Ballad Epic Metrical Tale Metrical Romance Ode Sonnet Song Elegy POINT OF COMPARISON| PROSE| POETRY| Form| Paragraph| Verse| Language| Words and rhythms of ordinary and everyday language| Metrical, rhythmical, figurative language| Appeal| Intellect| Emotions|Aim| Convince, Inform, Instruct| Stirs the readers imagination, present an ideal of how life should be and how life can be| A. Prose –is an ordinary form of written or spoken language without rhyme or meter, either fiction or nonfiction. Prose is writing that resembles everyday speech. The word prose is derived from the Latin word, â€Å"prosa† which literally means straightforward. Prose is adopted for the discussion of facts and topical r eading and does not adhere to any particular formal structures other than simple grammar. Fiction  Ã¢â‚¬â€œisthe form of any  narrative  or  informative  work that deals, in part or in whole, with information or events that are not factual, but rather, imaginary—that is, invented by the  author. 1. Drama –is the stage presentation of an action or story. It is a story in either verse or prose to be presented on stage. -a term generally applied to a type of literature that seeks to present actual life in brief intense form visibly in front of an audience. -a dialogue written for interpretation by several characters with directions from the author telling what the characters do and with directions giving the background or locale of the action.Playwrights–aredrama writers. Types of Drama: a. Comedy –is shown if man is victorious in the struggle of forces (not necessarily funny). b. Tragedy –is shown if man is overcome or defeated by the opp osing forces (does not necessarily end in violence and death). 2. Short Story–is a brief story usually with one character or two and a simple plot. It can be read in a short span of time. Edgar Allan Poe –is the Father of short story and popularized this literary genre. 3. Novel –is an invented prose narrative that is usually long and complex and deals especially with human experience through a connected sequence of events.One example of a novel is fantasy novel which is often set in worlds much different from our own and usually includes magic, sorcery, and mythical creature. 4. Tale –is an imaginative narrative of an event usually a story of fantasy like folktales, fairy tales and tall tale. -reflects man’s desire to know the unknown. -full of magic, enchantment and fantastic situations. Though unreal, it is full of sound and practical wisdom that is real and worthwhile. -helps man find solutions to his daily problems by mirroring in the worlds c reated by his mind. 5.Fable–is a story intended to teach a lesson or morals in which animals are presented as characters. 6. Myth –is an anonymous, traditional story that explains a belief, a custom, or a mysterious natural phenomenon. -comes from the Greek word muthos, which simply means â€Å"story†. -were created out of human need to make sense of the universe and explain how the world and its human inhabitants came to be. 7. Legends –is a story coming down from the past and narrates the origin of a place, thing or object. 8. Folktales –is a story that is created by the â€Å"folk†Ã¢â‚¬â€the common people—and passed along orally from generation to generation. include legends, fables, tall tales, fairy tales, fairy tales, and ghost stories. -are entertaining stories about ordinary people who survive by luck, by using their wits, and by relying on their own natural goodness. * Nonfiction –prose writing that narrates real even ts. 1. Essay –a short piece of nonfiction prose that examines a single subject from a limited point of view. -comes from a French word, â€Å"essai† which means â€Å"an attempt or trial†. -was made popular by a German writer, Michel Eyquiem de Montaigne in 1580. He published two volumes of his short compositions which he called â€Å"ESSAIS†. Francis Bacon, the reputed Father of English Essay, write formal essays which were cold and objective. Two Major Types: a) Formal Essay –are usually serious and impersonal in tone. -they are written to inform or persuade, they are expected to be factual, logical, and tightly organized. -put emphasis on purpose and subject. b) Informal Essay –also called as Personal Essay. -generally reveal much about the personalities, mood, habits, likes, dislikes and feelings of their authors. -tend to be conversational in tone and looks into personal experiences and observations. . Biography –is a story of a person’s life narrated or written by another person. 3. Autobiography –is a story of a person’s life narrated or written by himself. 4. Diary –is a daily record of transactions, observations, and events. -is a type of writing that records daily personal reflections, feelings and 5. History –is a chronological account or record of significant events affecting a nation or institution. 6. Chronicle –is a record of a series of events or mere listing of what happened. It does not evidence, comments or reactions. 7.News–is an information about recent and important events or developments either printed in newspapers or broadcast by the media. | 8. Anecdote –a brief and sometimes witty story that focuses on a single interesting incident or event, often in order to make a point or teach a moral lesson. Sometimes an anecdote reveals the character of a famous person. B. Poetry –comes from the Greek word â€Å"poiein†, which means â€Å"to make†. -a kind of rhythmic, compressed language that uses figures of speech and imagery designed to appeal to our emotions and imaginations. uses figurative language that quickens and stimulates the imagination; adds to the effectiveness of the language; gives clearness, force, beauty and memorableness to our ideas. Types of Poetry: 1) Dramatic poetry –deals with plays in verse and which are performed on stage. a) COMEDY –is a play that shows that the hero is victorious against natural or human forces; not necessarily funny. Example: Shakespeare’s Midsummer Night’s Dream b) TRAGEDY –an important series of events in the life of a protagonist of high birth or noble status.The casually related events culminate in a catastrophe in which the protagonist through his actions is brought low. Example: Sophocle’s Oedipus Rex, Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet c) OPERA–is a play usually set to music (sung) and with orch estral accompaniment; characterized by elaborate costuming, scenery and choreography. Example: Giuseppi Verde’s Aida d) OPERETTA –is a short amusing musical play. Example:Polished Pebbles 2) Lyric poetry–is subjectively and intensely emotional -characterized by its musical quality -comes from the word lyre, a harp-like stringed instrument. the love lyric poem plumbs comes from the depths of the human heart. -some early Greek lyricists are Archilochus, Callinus, Sappho and Pindar. Examples: The Eagle by Alfred Lord Tennyson, Love Poem by TitalLacambra-Ayala a) Ode –is elaborate lyric of majestic tone on a serious and dignified theme. It is usually written on a solemn or a highly momentous occasion and addressed in an exalted manner to some object or person. It echoes the emotions or feelings of the people. b) Song –is a short lyric poem intended to be sung. Songs may be sacred or secular, national or personal.Sacred songs –include hymns, anth ems and religious lyrics. Secular songs –may be of any themes, or emotions. c) Sonnet –is a lyric of 14 iambic-pentameter lines according to a definite pattern. Two distinctive forms of these type of poetry are: i. Italian or Petrarchan sonnet –was perfected by Petrarch in the 14th century. It consists of an octet and a sestet with a rhyme scheme abbaabba,cdcdcd or cdecde or cddeee. The octet, which may be descriptive or narrative, leads to reflection or resolution in the sestet. ii. Shakespearian sonnet–a poem of three quatrains and a couplet with the rhyme scheme ababcdcdefefgg.The quatrains are so related that they lead to a significant statement of thought or conclusion in the last two lines. The sonnet as a form of poetry made its first appearance in the 16th century with the sonnet of Spencer and Sir Philipp Sidney. Shakespeare wrote sonnets on the accepted themes on love and friendship. Of the sonneteers, Wordsworth has been considered the most pro lific. Most prominent of the 19th century sonnet writers was Elizabeth Barret Browningwhose â€Å"Sonnets From the Portuguese† had held great appeal especially to lovers all over the world. ) Elegy –is a poem of mournful tone on the theme of death characterized by a marked reflected element. 3) Narrative poetry Narrative poems describe or relate events. Lyric poems express the poet’s thoughts and feelings. Dramatic poems set forth life and character by means of speech and action. The following are examples of narrative poetry: a) Epic –is a long narrative poem that relates the great deeds of a larger-than-life hero who embodies the values of a particular society. Most epics include elements of myth, legend, folklore and history.Most epics heroes undertake quests to achieve something of tremendous value to themselves—like the Gilgamesh—or to their society—like the hero of Virgil’s Aenied. Among the world’s greatest epics are the Greek â€Å"Iliad† and â€Å"Odyssey† attributed to Homer and the Anglo-Saxon â€Å"Beowulf†. These epics are called authentical epics having sprung as they were from the people and having no known author. b) Ballad –a song or songlike poem that tells a story. Most ballads have a regular pattern of rhythm and rhyme and use simple language and refrains as well as other kinds of repetition.Ballads usually tell sensational stories of tragedy, adventure, betrayal, revenge, and jealousy. c) Metrical tale –is a short narrative verse intended to be read in one setting. Its subject matter is drawn from life and may deal with any subject matter and any class of people. Chaucer’s â€Å"Canterbury Tales† falls under this category. d) Metrical Romance –is a long, rambling love story in verse which appeals to the sense of the marvelous. It is largely concerned with the adventures and exploits of brave knights, romantic love, deeds o f chivalry and religious pursuits.The characters and events are far removed from reality, often passing into the realm of the purely fantastic. The Arthurian tales are the best known of the metrical romance of the middle ages. FIGURES OF SPEECH Figure of speech  Ã¢â‚¬â€œisthe use of a  word  or  words  diverging from its usual meaning. It can also be a special repetition, arrangement or omission of words with literal meaning, or a  phrase  with a specialized meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words in it. Figures of speech often provide emphasis, freshness of expression, or clarity.However, clarity may also suffer from their use, as any figure of speech introduces an ambiguity between literal and figurative interpretation. A figure of speech is sometimes called a  rhetorical figure, figurative language  or a locution. Figures of speech provoke a thought process and bring depth to the language. To be able to use them well is an art, which can be mastere d over time. The more you read, the more you will be able to understand. With the help of the following figures of speech examples, you too can master the art of using them appropriately.The following figures of speech are commonly used: 1. Simile –a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two seemingly unlike things by using a connective word such as like, as, than or resembles. Examples:a full moon like an accusing face skinas white as snowflakes an actor’s hand opening more gracefully than a blossom cloudsresembling stuffed animals 2. Metaphor –a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two seemingly unlike things without using any connective words. Direct metaphor –states that one thing is another. The starts are icy diamonds† -Hewas a lion in the battlefield. Implied –like â€Å"against her black formal gown, she wore a constellation of diamonds† which implies a comparison between diamonds and stars and between th e black gown and a night sky. 3. Metonymy –is the use of an attribute of an object or of something closely associated it to represent that object. Examples:The counsel to the defendant addressed the bench. The pen is mightier that the sword. 4. Synecdoche –is a figure of speech that substitutes a significant part of something for the thing itself.Examples:50 heads of cattle (â€Å"head† is used to mean whole animal) The president's administration contained the best brains in the country (â€Å"brains† is used for intellectually brilliant persons) 5. Personification –a kind of metaphor in which a nonhuman thing or quality is talked about as if it were human. In poetry, personification invites the reader to view the world as if natural and inanimate objects possess the same feelings, qualities and souls that people do. Examples:hands of a clock, an angry sky, a tree that looks at God all day 6.Hyperbole –a figure of speech that uses exaggerati on to express a strong sentiment or create a comic effect aimed at either. -also called as overstatement or exaggeration. -often used to capture a sense of intensity or to emphasize the essential nature of something. Example: sweating to death in a stuffy room (hyperbole is used to express extreme discomfort) 7. Paradox –an apparently self-contradictory but is actually true or statement or sentiment that appears contradictory to common sense yet is true in fact. Example: she killed him with kindness, a well-known secret agent, 8.Oxymoron–combination of two seemingly contradictory or incongruous words. Examples: wise fool, deafening silence, cruel love, a stripper's dressing room 9. Irony –a contrast or discrepancy between expectations and reality—between what is said and what is really meant, between what is expected and what really happens, between what appears to be true and what is really true. Irony in literature falls into three major categories: a. Verbal Irony–occurs when a writer or speaker says one thing but really means the opposite.Example: When you tell a friend who shows up an hour late for an appointment, â€Å"I just love being kept waiting in the rain†. b. Situational Irony –occurs when what actually happens is the opposite of what is expected or appropriate. Example: In Greek mythology, when Zeus falls in love with a mortal woman named Semele. Zeus promised to give her anything she wants. To his dismay, she wants to see him in his true form as the Lord of Heaven. Zeus reluctantly agrees, and he burns her to death. c. Dramatic Irony –occurs when the audience or reader knows something important that a character in the story or play doesn’t know.It can heighten a comic effect or generate suspense. Example: In Oedipus Rex, when the Corinthian messenger tells Oedipus that the king of Corinth has died of natural causes, Oedipus believes he has been released from the prophecy that he will murder his father. The audience, however, knows that the truth has yet to come to light. 10. Alliteration –refers to the repetition of any particular sound among words placed close together, in a sentence or line. These are mainly consonant sounds, but can be vowel sounds too. Example:Don't delay dawn’s disarming display. Dusk demands daylight. Sara’s seven sisters slept soundly in sand. 1. Apostrophe–a figure of speech in which a speaker directly addresses an absent or dead person, a deity, and abstract quality, or something nonhuman as if it were present and capable of responding. In literary pieces, this figure of speech usually starts with an exclamation ‘O'. Examples of apostrophe are: Examples:O Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo? –  Romeo and Juliet, William Shakespeare O, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth, That I am meek and gentle with these butchers! Thou art the ruins of the noblest man That ever lived in the tide of t imes. –  Julius Caesar, William Shakespeare. 2. Onomatopoeia–thisfigure of speech imitates the sounds produced by the objects or actions. Examples:The  buzzing  of bees. The  whirring  of the washing machine. Clap, squish, snort, and whine VERSIFICATION Versification –is the art of making verse. It is based on the principles of prosody (theory of which versification is the practice. Verse –is the language in which the recurrent elements of rhythm exhibit patterns that can be identified and measured. Basis of Verse in English: 1. Accent or Stress –in all words of more than one syllable, one syllable is pronounced with stress more than the others.This emphasis is a combination of pitch, duration, loudness and timbre (accent or stress). Two kinds of syllables: stressed and unstressed 2. Foot –a metrical  unit composed of stressed and unstressed syllables. Four kinds of feet: a. Iamb or Iambic –refers to one unstressed syllabl e followed by one stressed syllable. Example: aBOVE ^| / ^| /| ^| / ^| /| ^ / ^| /| ^| /| The| falling| out| of| faithful| friends,| renewing| is| of| love|   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | b. Trochee or Trochaic –refers to one stressed syllable followed one unstressed syllable. Example: Apple / ^| / ^| /| ^| / ^|Double,| double| toil| and| trouble| c. Anapest or Anapestic –refers to two unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable. Example: unconcerned ^| ^| / ^| ^| /| ^| ^ /| I| am| monarch| of| all| I| survey| d. Dactyl or Dactylic –refers to one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables. This is the reverse of anapestic. Example: TENderly /| ^| ^| / ^^| Take| her| up| tenderly| 3. Meter –refers to a measure or patterned count of a poetic line. -the number of feet in a line. The number of metrical feet in a line is described as follows: * Monometer— one foot * Dimeter— two feet Trimeterâ₠¬â€ three feet * Tetrameter — four feet * Pentameter — five feet * Hexameter — six feet * Heptameter — seven feet * Octameter— eight feet 4. Stanza –group of lines of fixed number, meter and rhyme pattern, repeated throughout the poem. Some of themore usual stanza forms are: a. Couplet –two lines, usually rhyming b. Triplet –a unit of three lines of verse c. Quatrain –a unit of four lines of verse d. Quintet –a unit of five lines of verse e. Sextet or sestet –a unit of six lines of verse f. Rhyme royale or Chaucerian stanza –consists of seven iambic pentameter lines with the rhyme abc bb cc. . Spencerian stanza –consists of eight iambic pentameter and an Alexandrine (an iambic hexameter line). h. Blank verse –iambic pentameter lines without rhymes. i. Free verse –is a verse free of the essentials of rhyme and meter. Rhythm:  the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line. Scansion:  describing the rhythms of poetry by dividing the lines into feet, marking the locations of stressed and unstressed syllables, and counting the syllables. Thus, when we describe the rhythm of a poem, we â€Å"scan† the poem and mark the stresses (/) and absences of stress (^) and count the number of feet.The scansion of this quatrain from Shakespeare’s Sonnet 73 shows the following accents and divisions into feet (note the following words were split: behold, yellow, upon, against, ruin'd): ^| /| ^| /| ^| /| ^| /| ^| /|   |   |   |   |   | That| time || of| year || thou| mayst || in| me || be| hold || | | | | | ^| /| ^| /| ^| /| ^| /| ^| /|   |   |   |   |   | When| yel || low| leaves, || or| none, || or| few, || do| hang ||   | | | | | ^| /| ^| /| ^| /| ^| /| ^| /|   |   |   |   |   | Up| on || those| boughs || which| shake || a| gainst || the| cold,| ||   |   |   |   |   | ^| /| ^| /| ^| /| ^| /| ^| /|    |   |   |   |   | | Bare| ru || in'd| choirs || where| late || the| sweet| birds| sang ||   |   |   |   |   |   | From this, we see the rhythm of this quatrain is made up of one unaccented syllable followed by an accented syllable, called an iambic foot. We also see there are five feet per line, making the meter of the line pentameter. So, the rhythm and meter is iambic pentameter. 5. Sound –refers to the sensation preserved by the sense of hearing.In poetry, there are three forms of sound as follows: Rhyme –this is the matching of final vowel or consonant sounds in two or more words. There are four types of rhyme: a. End Rhyme –when the corresponding sounds happen at the ends of line. b. Internal Rhyme –when the corresponding sounds happen within lines. c. Exact or perfect rhyme –the rhyming words share corresponding sounds, stresses and similar number of syllables. d. Imperfect or slant rhyme –the rhyming words do not e xactly share corresponding sounds. 6. Imagery –refers to the specific details that stimulate senses or the concrete representation of a sense impression, feeling or idea. Images can either be one of the following: a. Visual Image –it is something seen b.Aural Image –it is something heard c. Tactile Image –it is something felt d. Olfactory Image –it is something smelled e. Gustatory Image –it is something tasted f. Metaphorical or Symbolic Image –this suggests an idea or feeling beyond what a given image literally image describes. 7. Diction –means choice of words in reference to their effectiveness, clearness or correctness. However, it is also important to know what these words imply or indicate. There are two types of getting meanings, that is, either denotation or connotation. Denotation is also known as the dictionary meaning while connotation refers to a meaning apart from the thing explicitly suggests or describes.

Five literary elements in Barbara Kimenye’s “The Winner” Essay

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Book The Body Silent by Robert Murphy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Book The Body Silent by Robert Murphy - Essay Example Throughout his book, he embarks on research among the disabled. The question remains is this truly participant observations Can you distinguish an emic and an etic point of view in the narrative Murphy writes both as an anthropologist and as a quadriplegic: "the kind of culture the handicapped American must face is just as much a part of the environs of his disability as his wheelchair. It hardly needs saying the disabled, individually and as a group, contravene all the values of youth, virility, activity, and physical beauty that American's cherish, however little most individuals may realize them. Most handicapped people sense that others resent them for this reason: "We are subverters of the American ideal, just as the poor are betrayers of the American dream. And to the extent that we depart from the ideal, we become ugly and repulsive to the able-bodied" (Perring 2002) Disabled persons account for seeable memories that those with "normal bodies" of society are part of the disabled suffering world, they reside in a non-existent paradise and they too can be stricken at any given time. Murphy writes: The violinist Itzhak Perlman, who suffers from the aftereffects of polio , says that when he is pushed up to an airline counter in a wheelchair, the clerk commonly asks his attendant, "Where is he going" Murphy was a professor of anthropology at Columbia University when he became progressively paralyzed by an inoperable spinal cord tumor. Throughout his book, he provides accounts of his personal experience and case studies of others in society who are dealing with disabilities everyday. "Disability is defined by society and given meaning by culture; it is a social malady" (Murphy 1987, 4). As he writes The Body Silent he is virtually quadriplegic, hitting the keys of his computer with the eraser end of a pencil held in place by a 'universal cuff' wrapped around his palm. He is still traveling to Columbia to teach his classes. Murphy applies the metaphor of an anthropological field trip to his experience: "This book was conceived in the realization that my long illness with a disease of the spinal cord has been a kind of extended anthropological field trip, for through it I have sojourned in a social world no less strange to me at first than those of the Amazon forests. And since it is the duty of all anthropologists to report on their travels . . . this is my accounting" (ix). Drawing not only on his own experience but also on research for which he received funding, Murphy instructs his audience in the metaphysics of his situation, and in the social as well as physical challenges of disability. Murphy took on his physical deterioration with eyes-open determination, a refusal to accept social limitations, and reliance on the essence of his selfhood--his mind. His account is a highly informative study of the physical negotiation of paraplegia and quadriplegia, and of attitudes and assumptions harbored toward those who are physically "other." Murphy became a pioneer for rights of the handicapped and spearheaded the initiative at Columbia to provide wheelchair access and other aids. Peter Graham (1997) classified Murphy's narrative classification of "metapathography." According to Graham, metapathographies are "not

Human Nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Nature - Essay Example Maslow’s hierarchy of need theory, which associate motivation with people’s needs, informs my view of human nature. The theory identifies different levels of needs that expand to the macro social environment, but with the aim of meeting an individual’s needs. Self-actualization needs, for example, may lead to macro social achievement such as establishing and managing a social center for the benefit of needy members of a society, but the key drive is an individual’s need for self-actualization (Griffin and Moorhead 86). My view on human’s desire is consistent with Hobbes’ view that factors such as fear and curiosity motivate humans. The view is however contrary to Locke’s view that some aspects in life are unattainable and people should stop striving towards them. This is because Locke’s view undermines motivation (Rosen 8, 9). Based on my conception that people are self centered and may therefore undermine others’ interest, a set of rules that provide for strict and significant penalties for non compliance, is necessary for governing people. Without such a set of rules, however, people may exercise their arbitrary power and undermine other’s rights and

Israeli-Iran Conflict Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Israeli-Iran Conflict - Research Paper Example A wide range of threats are evident with the current nuclear production in Iran that includes even asymmetric warfare. Iran acts strategically in this conflict and by gaining her support from Iraq and Afghanistan, she posses even a greater threat to other countries. Global economy runs at a risk if Iran would target the Gulf area, which is the main hub of all petroleum exports to global market. Thus, the Iran-Israeli conflict puts into picture other players such as the United States, Iraq and the southern gulf (Cordesman, 2011, 1). Israel has threatened to strike the nuclear energy plants in Iran for what she calls a bleach of the policy of international sanctions, in which Iran was prohibited from furthering her nuclear weapon production. This was confirmed by a report released by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on 14 September 2012 (Racimora, 2012, 1). Unconfirmed rumors indicate that Israel might be planning a preemptive air strike to the nuclear states in Iran. Much has been speculated on a possible collaboration of Israel and the United States in the preemptive strike mission. This has been discussed in details, spilling over even to the recent presidential polls in the U.S. Speculations showed a possible erupt of a war between the two countries during this time and this was a key campaign issue over the two presidential contenders; Mitt Romney and the newly elected president Barrack Obama

Organizational behaviour of Oman Air Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Organizational behaviour of Oman Air - Essay Example This paper presents Oman Air Company. The SWOT analysis of the firm has been performed to find the internal and the external environmental situation of the company. The international carrier of the Sultanate of Oman is Oman Air and the company is based in Muscat. 33.8% stake of the company is held by the government and the key operation of the company is in providing international and domestic passenger services. It also offers charter work and local air taxi. Oman Air was founded during 1993 and it has a strong business presence in the Sultanate of Oman. Airlines industry is highly susceptible to political changes as the political environment plays a major role in determining the travelling frequency of travelers especially international. Unstable political environment markedly reduced the international traffic inflow. Since Oman Air is the national carrier for the Sultanate of Oman the business is largely monopolistic in nature. According to the official report of Oman Air during t he year 2008 the company faced net loss of 42.775 million RO due to economic downturn. Though in Oman the economic downturn did not have a huge impact and the passenger traffic rose by 19% the company faced losses due to economic slowdown in the international market. The internal environment of a company can be assessed using McKinsey’s 7-S framework. The seven variables of the McKinsey framework offer the needed structure to analyze the operations of an organization and the interdependency of the variables is useful while analyzing complex organizations (Waterman et al, 1980). Strategy – Oman Air is the leading carried in Oman and their strategy is to maintain a positive work culture and thus promote customer friendly operations. Providing a reliable, safe and seamless flying experience which is further enhanced by friendly and warm customer services. Support in bound local tourism and become the first choice airline. Structure – The organizational structure of Oman Air is large and handling such a large structure is difficult. In order to become more efficient in its operations the communications from the corporate to the employees has to be made clearer by making changes in their organizational structure. Systems – The cargo operations management system is completely automated thus enabling automated end to end cargo operations, processing efficiency, accurate tracking, flight capacity that is optimized and e-freight capabilities (press release, 2011). Skills – The prominent skill of the employees at Oman Air rests in offering customer friendly services. Managers are responsible for monitoring and assessing the skill of each crew member. This gives the needed framework to enable inclusion of its corporate strategy into the employees work practices. Staff – Recruitment and selection of new staff is based on their field experience and educational qualification. To maintain high levels of performance the staff are trai ned on a continuous basis. Style – The staff are lead in an effective manner by the managers. The managers are kept updated by higher level of the board of directors. Shared values – The main value of Oman Air lies in its staff members. A value of importance is instilled in all staff members. The well being of the company directs all individuals and the culture of the company is imbibed in its work

Critical Response to Lackoff and Johnson’s Metaphors Essay Example for Free

Critical Response to Lackoff and Johnson’s Metaphors Essay The metaphor is central to human thought. Clearly this is the principle thesis presented in Metaphors We Live By (1980). Indeed, the thesis is contained very clearly within the title of the text. Yet, perhaps the most striking point about the argument presented by these two linguists is expressed in the idea that language is a powerful weapon of force by which human beings live and through which they interact. â€Å"Argument is war† is one statement that expresses this idea quite clearly and is supported by the various examples of argumentative speech that use verbs associated either with physical conquest and overpowering, or with the direct opposite, destruction and overpowered weakness. One of the most compelling aspects of the argument in Metaphors (1980) is the notion that people subconsciously integrate poetic imagination and elaborate rhetoric into their speech, despite the often mundane everyday tasks about which their thoughts and actions revolve. The role of language, then, is deeply questioned. The underlying problem is how we, human beings, relate to the world and each other. The argument from Lackoff and Johnson may be that we conceptualize our lives and thus we relate to the world around us in a conceptual way. There is, however, a difficult in thus attempting to analyze our use of language using language. After all, definitions and functions of words, the very focus of linguistics, all play an integral role in the analytical process of the human mind. It’s something like the linguistic version of the chicken and the egg. Which came first, concepts or language? When we say that time is money and use expressions like, â€Å"you’re wasting my time†, could it be that the notion that time is money emerged as an actual practical consideration and subsequently developed into a conceptual notion? Just as the example of the â€Å"apple-juice-chair†, an apparently absurd phase in general, can have a viable meaning in a given context, it seems plausible that metaphorical concepts such as â€Å"time is money† and â€Å"argument is war†, leading to the extension of the metaphor in language such as â€Å"you’re wasting my time†, could simply have received their contextual relevance over time.

The History Of Integration Strategies Marketing Essay

The History Of Integration Strategies Marketing Essay Toyota employees a diversified business since it has spread its business operations all around the globe. The corporation tends to work in developed countries like America and developing countries like Pakistan. Therefore Toyota can deploy a number of techniques which could enhance the synergy created by diversification. The technique suggested here is that Toyota should further integrate related diversification by manufacturing motor-bikes, Scooties, bi-cycles since these are fuel efficient and eco-friendly transportation means. They can also focus on niche markets like manufacturing metropolitan buses. Building on the topic above, determine how diversified the company you research could become before it created a negative impact on the companys bottom line. Explain your rationale.   According to researches it is found that related diversification is more profitable than unrelated diversification and that there exists a non-linear relationship between diversification and the value created since after an optimal point diversification tends to become value-destroying (Galvan, 2007). Looking at the perspective of Toyota if the company diversifies on the markets it penetrates along with the related product line diversification it will tend to thrive. For example Toyota right now is focusing on diverse automobiles like hybrid, electric, SUVs etc. However if Toyota tends to start manufacturing totally unrelated products like leather shoes, bags etc. it would be a disaster since the corporation does not have sufficient competitive knowledge and competencies for competing in this market. Galvan, A. (2007). Diversification: Value-Creating or Value-Destroying Strategy? Evidence from Using Panel Data. Retrieved from http://gredos.usal.es/jspui/bitstream/10366/17425/1/DAEE_04_07_Diversification.pdf Victory Motorcycles From the case study, evaluate the business-level strategy of Victory Motorcycles to determine whether you believe the strategy is appropriate to offset forces in the industry. Provide specific examples to support your response. The business level strategy which has made Victory Motorcycles so famous around the globe is its diversification strategy. The business is highly diversified with a wide variety of products manufactured like motorcycles, snowmobiles and watercrafts. This makes the organization a highly diversified one. Furthermore the company also targets a diverse market across the globe. Their target market ranges from America all the way to China, Russia, Brazil and Australia. They tend to target customers through a variety of innovative designs and high quality motorbikes. Make recommendations for improving this strategy as well as describing any challenges you foresee in executing those recommendations. Provide specific examples to support your response. Since there are several other automotive firms in the market who have the tendency, capacity and technology to manufacture even better and highly efficient motorbikes the company need to take potential competition in check. What the company needs to do is formulate strategic plans for new automotive design and improve the efficiency. Along with that the company needs to manufacture environment friendly motorbikes like electric cars so that this challenge can also be met. Integration Strategies Explicate how the first company you researched was either helped or harmed by the integration strategy it chose. There are several ways in which companies can integrate for example mergers, forward/ backward vertical integration and horizontal integration etc. The company we researched is Dell.com. Dell has integrated the concept of forward vertical integration in its business model by selling to the consumers directly through its web portal thus calling for a virtual forward integration. This strategy has helped Dell in a variety of ways like increased consumer satisfaction by providing them with customized product right at their doorsteps and an approach to study consumer patterns. Magretta, J. (1998). The power of virtual integration: an interview with Dell Computers Michael Dell.  Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from http://autodesarrollate.vitro.com/PORTAL/cdh/thunderbird/files/Power%20Virtual.pdf Recommend at least one way this strategy could have been improved. This strategy could be further improved by reducing the price of the products since due to forward integration the distribution and placement cost decreases thus the company should also benefit its consumers with the reduced prices. Justify how the first company you researched could benefit from the vertical integration strategies it has not implemented. Include at least one advantage and one disadvantage of each strategy. The company could further take advantage from backward vertical integration strategy in which Dell can focus on manufacturing its own operating system, application software and chips. In this way the company can target a broader market segment along with providing customization in the personal computer internal environment as well. However this strategy might increase the cost of manufacturing along with complexity since there might be bugs in the newly developed programs due to incompetent software developers and company might lose its customers.

Novel Eu3+-doped Garnet-tpye Tellurate Red-emitting Phosphor

Novel Eu3+-doped Garnet-tpye Tellurate Red-emitting Phosphor A novel Eu3+-doped garnet-tpye tellurate red-emitting phosphor with high thermal stability and color purity Introduction The garnet-related family Li3Ln3Te2O12(Ln=Y, Pr, Nd, Sm-Lu) have been extensively studied as promising solid electrolytes for application in solid state rechargeable lithium-ion batteries for the last few decades [1-4]. In 2006, OCallaghan et al. developed garnet-type Li3Ln3Te2O12 (Ln = Y, Pr, Nd, Sm-Lu) to investigate the relationship between Li site occupation and Li ion conductivity [1]. The lattice constant increases with increasing Ln ionic radius in Li3Ln3Te2O12. These Li3Ln3Te2O12 garnets have exhibited a fairly low ionic conductivity of ∠¼10−5 S cm−1 at 600  °C with a high activation energy (>1 eV) [3]. In 2014, the crystal structures and conductivity data for the most of perspective Li-ion solid electrolytes based on garnet-type metal oxides have been recently reviewed by Thangadurai et al. [4]. Garnet host lattices are of considerable interest due to their wide applications as laser hosts and as phosphors for white light emitting diodes [5]. For example, trivalent rare earth doped Y3Al5O12 (YAG) is one of the widely used systems of compounds for solid state lighting applications. Meanwhile, some new garnet-type compound can be constructed based on the garnet structural model, such as the green-emitting Ca3Sc2Si3O12:Ce3+, the orange-emitting Lu2CaMg2(Si, Ge)3O12:Ce3+, and the green-emitting Ca2LaZr2Ga3O12:Ce3+phosphors [6]. Therefore, the development of phosphors based on garnet-type materials is of great interest. As an important activator, the europium ion is one of the most studied lanthanide activators because of its singular luminescence properties, exhibiting pure red emission transitions with a series of sharp lines arising from the excited state 5D0 to the lower energy state 7F0-6. Eu3+ ions exhibit pure magnetic and electric dipole transitions which make it a very s ensitive probe for the rare earth ion site structure/symmetry. 5D0→7F2 electric dipole (ED) transitions around 610 nm are highly hypersensitive, which is highly sensitive to the symmetry of the Eu3+ sites in the lattices; however, the magnetic dipole transitions (5D0→7F1) are not affected by the environment, and their emission intensities are often used as an internal standard [7]. However, luminescence properties of Eu3+-doped garnet-type Li3Gd3Te2O12 have not been studied yet. In this work, red emitting phosphors Li3Gd3(1-x)Eu3xTe2O12(x = 0.01-0.30) were synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction. The structure, composition and photoluminescence properties of Li3Gd3Te2O12:Eu3+ phosphors were investigated. In addition, the luminescence quenching of Eu3+ doping concentration and CIE on the photoluminescence spectra were demonstrated in detail. 2. Experimental Procedure    The synthesis of Li3Gd3Te2O12 phosphors doped with Eu3+ ions was carried out via a high-temperature solid-state reaction method. Li2CO3 (99.99%), Gd2O3 (99.99%), TeO2 (99.9%), and Eu2O3 (99.99%) as raw materials, they were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich without further purification and thoroughly mixed in an agate mortar. The mixtures were sintered in air at 900 °C for 10 h. when the reaction was end at 900 °C, the products were cooled down to room temperature without cooling devices. Finally, white powers were obtained by grinding. The relevant reaction formulas are as follows: 3Li2CO3+3(1-x)Gd2O3 + 4TeO2 + 3xEu2O3 + 2O2 = 2Li3Gd3(1-x)Eu3xTe2O12+ 3CO2 The crystal structure of phosphors were characterized for phase formation by using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis with a Philips XPert MPD (Philips, Netherlands) with Cu KÃŽ ± radiation (ÃŽ » = 1.5418 Ã…). The diffraction patterns were scanned within angular range of 10-70ËÅ ¡(2ÃŽ ¸). The morphology and size of the phosphors were measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM, JEOL JSM-6490). The photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra of the samples were analyzed using a Hitachi F-4600 spectrophotometer at room temperature. The temperature-dependent PL spectra of the phosphor were recorded in air on an Edinburgh FLS 920 spectrometer equipped with a 450 W Xe lamp. Results and discussion Li3Gd3Te2O12 belongs to the cubic crystal system, space group of Iad (No.230), in the structure of Li3Gd3Te2O12, Gd3+ and Te6+ cations occupy the 8- and 6-fold sites, and Li+ ions are located exclusively in the tetrahedral (24d) sites, respectively. As shown in Fig. 1, this structure can be considered to be formed from two interpenetrating, body-centered lattices composed of edge-shared distorted [GdO8] cubes [8, 9]. One of these frameworks composed of Gd (black sphere) and O (red sphere) is shown in Fig.1(b) along with selected polyhedra to illustrate the linkages between the [GdO8] units. Tellurium in the [TeO6] polyhedra is accommodated in an octahedral site that shares edges with an edge-linked [GdO8] dimer.   Fig. 2 shows the observed, calculated, and patterns of the Li3Gd2.55Te2O12:0.15Eu3+phosphors, confirmed from Rietveld analysis using GSAS software. The final refinement converged with weighted profile of χ2 = 1.086, Rp = 24.4à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ¦, and Rwp = 33.9à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ for Li3Gd2.55Te2O12:0.15Eu3+. It is clear that all the diffraction peaks of these samples are in good agreement with the pure Li3Gd3Te2O12 (JCPDS 22-0683) and no second phase can be found, indicating that each sample is purity phase and that the substitution of Gd3+ by Eu3+ do not significantly influence the crystal structure. Li3Gd3Te2O12 belongs to the cubic system, and the lattice parameters are calculated to be a = b = c = 12.41 Ã…, V = 1911.24 Ã…3, which are consistent with the literature [1]. As the similarity of valence and the ionic radii of Eu3+(r = 0.95 Ã…, CN = 8) is the closest to that of Gd3+(r = 0.94 Ã…, CN = 8), the doped Eu3+ is supposed to substitute for the Gd3+ sites [10].   SEM analysis was carried out to investigate the surface morphology and particle sizes of the synthesized phosphor powder. Fig. 3 shows the representative SEM images of two different concentrations of Li3Gd3Te2O12:xEu3+(a, x = 0.05; b, x = 0.20). It seemed as if these small spherical particles combined together to form big crystallites. The size of particles is found to be in micrometer dimension. Meanwhile, the result indicated that doping content of Eu3+ content in Li3Gd3Te2O12:xEu3+from 0.05 to 0.20 mol did not alter the particle size and agglomeration. The grain size of phosphors is important for their applications in commercial WLEDs. In general, for practical bepowdering applications, the phosphors with micron particles can feed well the commercial demand for WLEDs. Therefore, a long ball-milling step is required to break up the agglomerations and improve the quality of the phosphor powder. Figure 4 shows the excitation spectra of Li3Gd2.55Te2O12:0.15Eu3+ monitored at 613 nm emission (5D0→7F2) at room temperature. The broad band of 200-300 nm (No.1) centered at around 275 nm is called as charge transfer (CT) band which is ascribed to the charge-transfer state (CTS) transition of O2−→Eu3+ ions. The position of this band mightily relies on the host lattice. A sequence of sharp excitation bands(Nos.2-11)between 300 and 500 nm was attributable to the intra-configurational 4f-4f transitions of Eu3+ in the matrix, namely,7F0 to 5FJ, 5H6, 5H3, 5D4, 5L8, 5G3, 5G2, 5L6, 5D3, and 5D2at wavelengths300, 314, 321, 364, 368, 381, 386, 396, 419 and 466 nm respectively [11]. The strongest absorption band located at approximately 396 nm occurred from the 7F0→5L6 transition of Eu3+ ions. A suitable red-emitting ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) phosphor should exhibit an absorption of around 400 nm (LED excitation wavelength). Obviously, the Li3Gd3Te2O1 2:Eu3+phosphor has a potential value for white lighting device. Upon 396 nm excitation, the PL emission spectrum of the Li3Gd3Te2O12:Eu3+phosphors was measured as presented in Fig. 5. Clearly, the PL emission spectrum was dominated by a strong red emission with a center of about 613 nm due to the 5D0 →7F2 transition. Meanwhile, there also existed some relatively weak excitation peaks at 570, 596, 655 and 709 nm which are attributed to the 4f-4f transitions of Eu3+ ions from the excited state of 5D0 to 7F0, 7F1, 7F3 and 7F4, respectively. Generally, the local symmetry of Eu3+ site in the crystal lattice can be mostly reflected by Eu3+ emission profile. When Eu3+ ion occupies a crystallographic site with inversion symmetry, its magnetic-dipole 5D0→7F1 orange emission is dominant, while the electric dipole 5D0 →7F2 red emission dominates when possessing the non-centrosymmetrical site [12]. Thus, the I0-2/I0-1 emission ratio can be used in lanthanide-based systems as a probe for the local surroundings of a cation. As shown in Fig . 5, in comparison with that of the 5D0→7F1transition, the emission intensity of the 5D0→7F2 transition was much stronger, and the I0-2/I0-1 ratio was about 4.84. They demonstrated that the Eu3+ ions occupied the low symmetry sites with non-inversion centers in Li3Gd3Te2O12 host lattice. This ratio value is larger in comparison with those of the other Eu3+-doped phosphors. This larger ratio is favorable to improve the red color purity. The intensity of luminescence in phosphors is usually affected by the variation in concentration of activators. Dependence of PL emission intensity of Li3Gd3Te2O12:Eu3+ phosphors on dopant concentration can be seen in Fig. 6. None of wavelength shift or peak was observed for a new site at high Eu3+ concentrations. The emission intensity of the phosphor initially increases up to 15 mol%. The maximum intensity is observed at 15 mol% and after this it starts decreasing. The decrease in the emission intensity is due to concentration quenching effect. The concentration quenching of luminescence is observed when the energy transfer from one activator to another. Blasse has pointed out that if the activator is introduced solely on Z ion sites, xc is the critical concentration, N is the number of Z ions in the unit cell and V is the volume of the unit cell, then there is on the average one activator ion per V/xcN [13]. The critical transfer distance (Rc) is approximately equal to twice the radius of a sphere with this volume: The critical transfer distance of the centerEu3+ in Li3Gd3Te2O12:Eu3+ phosphor by taking the appropriate values of V, N, and xc (1911.24 Ã…3, 8, and 0.15, respectively) is 14 Ã…. The intensity of multipolar interaction can be determined from the change in the emission intensity. The emission intensity is related to the emitting level which has the multipolar interaction. The emission intensity (I) per activator ion is given by the formula [14]: where χ is the activator concentration; Q is a constant of multipolar interaction and equals 3, 6, 8, or 10 for the nearest-neighbor ions, dipole-dipole, dipole-quadrupole or quadrupole-quadrupole interaction, respectively; and K and ÃŽ ² are constants under the same excitation condition for the given host crystal [14, 15]. Then we use this equation to fit the experimental results of the relationship between integrated emission intensity and Eu3+ concentration. The curve of lgI/x vs. lgx in Li3Gd3Te2O12: Eu3+ phosphor based on Fig. 6 is shown in Fig. 7. The figure clearly shows that the relation between lgI/x and lgx is approximately linear and the slope is about -1.0. The Q value calculated based on the linear fitting using Eq. (2) is 3.0. This finding indicates that the concentration quenching of the Eu3+-site emission centers is caused by the energy transfer around the nearest-neighbor ions in the Li3Gd3Te2O12:Eu3+ phosphor. The similar phenomenon has been reported in the Sr1. 7Zn0.3CeO4: Eu3+ phosphor [16]. Both the maintenance of the chromaticity and brightness of white light output are favored by a lower-temperature quenching in the solid-state lighting application. Figure 8 represents the temperature-dependent PL spectra of Li3Gd3Te2O12: Eu3+ excited at 396 nm from 300 K to 460 K. The PL intensity almost unchanged with increase of temperature from 300 K to 460 K. The temperature dependence of the integrated emission intensities normalized at the 300 K value. The sample remained at about 82% of the intensity measured at room temperature, even the sample was heated to 420 K (the temperature at which LEDs typically operate). The thermal quenching temperature T50, the temperature at the 50% emission intensity, was above 500 K for Li3Gd3Te2O12:Eu3+. The Eu3+-activated Li3Ba2Gd3(MoO4)8 red phosphor shows lower quenching temperature and only remain 60% of the room temperature emission intensity at 200  °C. The good thermal quenching performance is similar with K2Ba5Si12O30:Eu2+, BaTiF6:Mn 4+, Sr3Lu0.2(PO4)3:0.8Eu3+phosphor [18-20]. Furthermore, the emission wavelengths showed no shift with increasing temperature. The small decrease in the emission intensity and good color purity stability at higher temperature indicates that the phosphor Li3Gd3Te2O12:Eu3+ has good thermal stability and can serve a potential red emitting phosphor for white LEDs. In order to clarify the thermal quenching behavior and to calculate the activation energy, the Arrhenius equation is fitted to the thermal quenching data of Li3Gd3Te2O12:Eu3+ [21]: Where I0 means the initial intensity at room temperature, I(T) means the intensity at   temperature T, c is a constant, k is Boltzmanns constant (8.62 10−5eV/K), and Eais the activation energy for the thermal quenching process fitted with the thermal quenching data. The inset in Figure 9 plots ln[(I0/I)−1] versus 1/T for Li3Gd3Te2O12:Eu3+. Linear regression showed that the thermal activation energy Ea for quenching was calculated to be ~ 0.22 eV. The thermal quenching of the emission intensity of Eu3+-activated phosphors was due to the excited electrons easily jumping into the CTS band after absorbing thermal energy at high temperatures, which the probability of non-radiative transition may increase. Thus, the emission intensity of Eu3+-activated phosphors decreased with increased temperature [22, 23].    The emission spectra of Li3Gd3Te2O12:0.15Eu3+ and commercial Y2O3:Eu3+ excited at 396 nm were then compared in Fig. 10. Remarkably, the integral emission intensity of Li3Gd3Te2O12:0.15Eu3+ was 3.03 times than that of Y2O3:Eu3+. The CIE chromaticity coordinates of the phosphors were calculated to be (0.642, 0.332) for Li3Gd3Te2O12:0.15Eu3+ according to its PL spectra, which are shown in the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram in the insets of Fig. 10. It was found that the CIE coordinates of the present red phosphor are more close to those of the NTSC standard CIE chromaticity coordinate values for red (0.67, 0.33) standard value, which is better than those of the commercial red phosphors Y2O3:Eu3+ (0.49, 0.32) [24] and Y2O2S:Eu3+ (0.65, 0.36) [25]. Furthermore, to better understand the red emission of the Eu3+-activated Li3Gd3Te2O12 phosphors, the color purity was calculated according to the following expression described by Fred Schubert [26]: where (x, y) denotes the CIE coordinate of the synthesized compounds, (xi, yi) presents the color coordinate of the white illumination and the (xd, yd) is the color coordinates of the dominant wavelength. The dominant wavelength point can be calculated from the intersection of the connecting line between the equal energy point and the sample point. The color purity of Li3Gd3Te2O12:0.15Eu3+ (0.642, 0.332) phosphors is determined to be around 92.6%. This indicates high color purity and excellent chromaticity coordinate characteristics. The inset image in Fig. 10 shows that strong red emission was observed with the naked eyes when Li3Gd3Te2O12:0.15Eu3+is under a 365 nm UV lamp. Conclusion A novel garnet-type red-emitting phosphor Li3Gd3Te2O12:Eu3+ was prepared by the convenient solid-state reaction. The excitation and emission spectra and the dependence of luminescence on temperature were studied. The excitation spectra indicate that this phosphor can be effectively excited by near-UV light, which matches the emission wavelength of near-UV-LED chips well. The phosphor shows intense red emission, which has a high quenching temperature and can keep a stable color purity with elevated temperature. The optimum dopant concentration of Eu3+ ions in Li3Gd3Te2O12:Eu3+ was around 15 mol%, and the critical transfer distance of Eu3+ was calculated to be 14 Ã…. The concentration quenching is probably caused by the energy transfer among the nearest-neighbor ions in the Li3Gd3Te2O12:Eu3+ phosphor. Because of its good excitation profile and stable luminescence properties at high temperature, Eu3+-doped Li3Gd3Te2O12 phosphors are a potential red phosphors for NUV chip-based WLEDs and display devices.

I Was a Washington D.C. Intern :: Essays Papers

I Was a Washington D.C. Intern On June 9, 2003, my life took an interesting turn. It was a sunny day. Blue skies, humidity insanely high, and I found myself at 4th Street and Constitution in Washington, D.C. I stood before an angled architectural masterpiece by famed architect I.M. Pei; its pointed corners jutted out towards the grassy Mall and Capitol Hill as if it were some sort of Picasso-esque compass pointing simultaneously towards all the tourist hot spots. (The one corner, purportedly the sharpest building corner in the world, wore a dark gray spot about eye level where thousands if not millions of tourists had touched it just to see how sharp it really was). I found myself standing before it, not as tourist . . . but as an employee on my first day of work. It all seemed a little overwhelming. How I ended up there still seems like a dream even today. Back in early 2001, while working in an art museum library in Nashville, Tennessee, I heard about the internships at the National Gallery of Art. They have quite the reputation in the art world. I bemused myself by daydreaming of one day being an intern there. At the time I heard about them I most certainly wasn't a good candidate. I only had the one art museum gig under my belt and I still really lacked direction in my career ambitions. But fast forward to 2002. I was no longer working at the art museum library (the position was eliminated due to budget cuts) and I was no longer living in Nashville (I moved to Tucson to attend SIRLS). There's probably nothing else like losing your job to really make you figure out what you want to do with your life. I realized several things: I wanted to continue working in an information provision setting, and I wanted to work with visual collections, spe cifically photographs. Because of those goals, I chose to immediately find my way in at the Center for Creative Photography as soon as I arrived on campus in Tucson. I started out as a volunteer and would go on to do an internship there. This critical experience was exactly what I needed to boost my resume to the level of D.C. intern candidate. So . . . six full months before June 9, 2003, I applied for an internship at the National Gallery of Art.

Faulkner’s Contradictory Roles as Father and Artist in the Film, William Faulkner: a Life on Paper :: Movie Film Essays

Faulkner’s Contradictory Roles as Father and Artist in the Film, William Faulkner: a Life on Paper After viewing the film William Faulkner: a Life on Paper it would be easy to attempt a pseudo-psychoanalytic interpretation of Faulkner’s relationship with his daughter and the other women in his life, but I think that would do a disservice to him. The film focused on the contradiction between Faulkner’s personal life, especially his relationships with women, and his professional life as a writer. The artistic sensibility that caused him to drink to excess and behave erratically does not fit common expectations of a good father. I think, however, that the interviews with his daughter, Jill Summers, and the other women who grew up with him as a father figure (at least one grand-daughter and one niece) indicate how that apparent contradiction was an essential part of the man whom they loved. I would like to consider two comments made by men who had known Faulkner in Oxford, Mississippi. One, a blacksmith, said that one day Faulkner suddenly left in the middle of a conversation with him. Faulkner’s only explanation later was that â€Å"when I think of something, I’ve got to go.† The other, a former friend of Faulkner’s speculated that he didn’t â€Å"think anyone knew who Bill really was, he was so moody†¦he was different from anybody else, seemed like.† The first comment indicates Faulkner’s unpredictability, possibly a humorous idiosyncrasy, but certainly not what is expected of a father. The second comment is intricately tied to the first. Because Faulkner’s behavior was unpredictable, often indicating that he was entirely self-absorbed in his own ideas and work, others found him to be distant. Those closest to Faulkner—his daughter, Jill, Phil Stone, and even Joan Williams—do not offer a portrayal of him that objects to his being erratic and distant. Probably the most poignant moment with Jill Summers is when she tells the story of asking her father not to drink before her birthday. His response was to remind her that Shakespeare’s daughter was never remembered by anyone. Although Summers relates the other facts of her father’s short-comings with little display of emotion, her face appeared pained after this story. Yet she said earlier in the film that she was absolutely sure that her father loved her very much. Maybe the problem is partly in what we expect a father to be. The film raises the problem of whether someone can function as both a great

DBQ on Jackson and the Indian Removal Essay -- essays research papers

Andrew Jackson and the Indian Removal   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The generalization that, â€Å"The decision of the Jackson administration to remove the Cherokee Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River in the 1830s was more a reformulation of the national policy that had been in effect since the 1790s than a change in that policy,† is valid. Ever since the American people arrived at the New World they have continually driven the Native Americans out of their native lands. Many people wanted to contribute to this removal of the Cherokees and their society. Knox proposed a â€Å"civilization† of the Indians. President Monroe continued Knox’s plan by developing ways to rid of the Indians, claiming it would be beneficial to all. Andrew Jackson ultimately fulfilled the plan.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all, the map [Document A] indicates the relationship between time, land, and policies, which affected the Indians. The Indian Tribes have been forced to give up their land as early as the 1720s. Between the years of 1721 and 1785, the Colonial and Confederation treaties forced the Indians to give up huge portions of their land. During Washington's, Monroe's, and Jefferson's administration, more and more Indian land was being commandeered by the colonists. The Washington administration signed the Treaty of Holston and other supplements between the time periods of 1791 until 1798 that made the Native Americans give up more of their homeland land. The administrations during the 1790's to the 1830's had gradually acquired more and more land from the Cherokee Indians. Jackson followed that precedent by the acquisition of more Cherokee lands.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In later years, those speaking on behalf of the United States government believed that teaching the Indians how to live a more civilized life would only benefit them. Rather than only thinking of benefiting the Indians, we were also trying to benefit ourselves. We were looking to acquire the Indians’ l and. In a letter to George Washington, Knox says we should first is to destroy the Indians with an army, and the second is to make peace with them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Indian Trade and Intercourse Act of 1793 began to put Knox’s plan into effect. The federal government’s promise of supplying the Indians with animals, agricultural tool... ... the unwilling tribes west of the Mississippi. In Jackson’s letter to General John Coffee on April 7, 1832, he explained that the Cherokees were still in Georgia, and that they ought to leave for their own benefit because destruction will come upon them if they stay. By 1835, most eastern tribes had unwillingly complied and moved west. The Bureau of Indian Affairs was created in 1836 to help out the resettled tribes. Most Cherokees rejected the settlement of 1835, which provided land in the Indian territory. It was not until 1838, after Jackson had left office, that the U.S. Army forced 15,000 Cherokees to leave Georgia. The hardships on the â€Å"trail of tears† were so great that over 4,000 Cherokees died on their heartbreaking westward journey.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, the above statement is valid and true. The decision the Jackson administration made to remove the Cherokee Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River was a reformulation of the nationa l policy. Jackson, along with past Presidents George Washington, James Monroe, and Thomas Jefferson, tried to rid the south of Indians This process of removing the native people was continuous as the years went on.

Premier Furniture

Premier Furniture Company It was mid-Aprll. and Richard Zimmerman, credit analyst for the Premier Furniture Company, was completing his first round of credit reviews for 1984. Two of his accounts†Deslgners, Inc. of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Walcott Department Stores of Hartford, Connecticut†had moved well beyond the credit limits set by Premier. It was Zimmerman's Job to determine the appropriate corrective steps. After his third look at the customer file for Designers, Inc. Zimmerman was still undecided. He had evaluated the account as â€Å"satisfactory† In his annual review in early 1983, but his reservations at that time were not lessened by the performance in fiscal 1984. It was evident that the substantial sales to Designers in the last three months did not necessarily signal an Improved relationship. Zimmerman was also troubled by the most recent numbers of Walcott Department Stores. Walcott had been a reliable account since 1951 but had posted a large o perating loss in fiscal 1984.His review was further complicated by the tact that the owners had recently opened stores in Worcester and Springfield, Massachusetts. Although Walcott's future obviously depended on how the branch stores fared, Zimmerman had no reason to assume their success or failure. 4h*fi, Designers (ffL+Uee, , FM-x-r eve, It was obvious to Zimmerman that the Designers and Walcott accounts invited a raised eyebrow, but given Premier's credit policy the numbers came as no surprise. quality home furniture for distribution to dealer cooperatives, independent home furnishing retailers, and regional furniture chains.The company advertised its lines nationally and attempted to maintain intensive coverage of trading areas by istributing through stores strategically located with a particular marketing area. Beginning in 1975, however, Premier found that product quality and service no longer assured success in the broad range of outlets the company had cultivated. Credit ter ms and financing of dealers became a critical marketing tool, and in the words of credit manager Karl Freund, â€Å"Premier soon found itself backed into the position of supporting numerous customers in order to maintain adequate distribution for its products. Unfortunately, Premier's heavy financing of dealers coincided with a national credit squeeze and higher interest rates on borrowed money. tg ¦, Zimmerman was also aware that many of Premier's customers had waited out more than seven years of a relatively soft market only to suffer a noticeable decline in sales in the late summerand early fall of 1983. As in previous downturns, stores featuring lower-priced lines were hit first, followed by quality retailers at the end of the year.Although the decline in sales was not severe, the drop in volume and subsequent price cutting reduced the profit margins of some retailers enough to offset profits earned in the first half of 1983. As might be expected, the downturn in the market w as quickly passed on to manufacturers. Many of Premier's customers tightened their belts by reducing orders for new lines and reorders for established lines. They believed that the price cutting in the second half of 1983 had resulted in considerable overbuying by consumers, and they were therefore anticipating a downturn in sales.The dramatic drop in orders affected manufacturers across the country. Orders for shipment fell 10% from February to March, and then an additional 20% from March to April. E-fifi f&fllikh, lit, Alpha The Designers and Walcott files sat on his desk awaiting his decision, but Zimmerman was still mulling over the contradictions posed by the files. He knew, for instance, that Walcott enjoyed fairly steady sales throughout the year and that 50% were cash or charge sales. The remaining sales were installment purchases which called for 25% down and the balance in 6 monthly payments.Premier, on the other hand, supposedly sold on terms of 3% in 10 days, net in 60 d ays†and had established a $50,000 limit on Designers and a $75,000 limit on Walcott. In truth, Premier's terms had become negotiable. Zimmerman was also frustrated by the fact that Karl Freund expected to see a foot on the brake while the sales manager was pressuring him to ut both feet on the gas. Given his Job, Zimmerman believed that it was in the company's interest to know the difference between a good customer and a bad risk.But with the sales manager insisting that liberal financing was the only way to spark an upturn in orders, Zimmerman felt caught in an impossible position. The time had come to seek the advice of the company's credit manager. Five minutes after collecting the essential information from each file (see Exhibits 1 through 5), Zimmerman placed the folder in the hands of Karl Freund. f&RhF, 1511? ±0, , premier, â€Å"†fifi, Q, fi-nmew,?- ¦, fi-nmeilfr, A credit analyst for a furniture manufacturer is confronted with two customers who have exceed ed their credit limits.The financial performance of each has been weak, and one of the customers has a highly leveraged balance sheet. Industry conditions are weak; the manufacturer apparently has excess capacity; and the credit analyst is caught between the conflicting demands of the sales managers and the credit manager. The case provides an opportunity for ratio analysis. The Premier Furniture Company of Newfield, North Carolina, centers on manufacturing high-quality home furniture for distribution.By 1975, Premier found that product quality and service no longer assured success in the markets they were in; therefore, credit terms and financing of dealers became a critical marketing tool. Regrettably, Premier's weighty financing of dealers corresponded with a national credit squeeze and higher interest rates on borrowed money. In 1984, Richard Zimmerman, the credit analyst for the Premier Furniture Company, took over the task of assessing the financial health of Premier's custome rs. Two of their accounts, exceeded the credit limits previously set by Premier. Premier had to make a decision on Designers Inc. d Walcott†they needed to fgure out the difference between good customers and bad credit risk. premiefiwzb,

South Africa Dbq

In 1651, Dutch settlers offset arrived in second Africa looking for slaves and goods, at the conviction they were known as Afrikaners. The Berlin multitude controlled the European colonization and trade in Africa by dividing the land into sections. The African efforts to digest European imperialism failed because they were unable to withstand the forward-looking weapons and other technology possessed by the Europeans. In 1948, a new formation of racial segregation called Apartheid was founded, which caused gabardines to be prime(prenominal) and non- egg whites to be looked at as inferior, redden though whites make up less(prenominal) than ten percent of mho Africas population.During Apartheid, the African National Congress was formed, in response to the Sharpev gruesomee Massacre of 1960, and led by Nelson Mandela. The Afrikaners fiercely supported the Apartheid because they matt-up it was requisite for their self-preservation, some of the members of the ANC believed in strength to destroy the Apartheid because the excessive administration delirium towards them, and the coupled Nations condemned Apartheid because they felt it was oppressive. The Afrikaners felt that their two picks when traffic with the native Africans were either equality or the separation of works, however, they conception equality meant destruction for the nation.In order to keep up the unpolished, Afrikaners believed that that they had to say the flock because they thought it was beneficial towards every unmatched. In a statement by the National company of South Africa it give tongue to, the future of every race allow be protected and safeguarded with profuse opportunities for development and self- master(prenominal)tenance in their own ideas, without meeting with the interests of the other (Doc 1). The National Party explained at the beginning of Apartheid how it was best for the country and how everything would be separate, but they all(prenominal) would withdraw opportunities.They made it seem like Apartheid was the best election and without Apartheid it would mean national suicide because of the conflict of races. South African High Commissioner Dr. A. L. Geyer talked about(predicate) how Apartheid is a policy of self-preservation and it will award Bantus to develop as a separate people, when giving a speech at the Rotary Club of London (Doc 3). In Geyers speech he stated that Apartheid would save the country because it would allow whites to triumph and he felt they were more(prenominal) mature.This showed how Geyer believed in white supremacy because he was white and that Apartheid would allow the whites not still to save the country, but in any case to run the country because they would be considered superior. When speaking to Parliament, P. W. Botha was quoted in formula how he felt that the Bantus could never cash in ones chips in the white atomic number 18as, or else the country would perish (Doc 7). Botha was the leader of South Africa when he said this and it showed how he believed in white supremacy as well, because he was repel at the idea of integration.He felt that if the disconsolates were to sit any opportunities in life, then it would garbage down the country because he looked at them as inferior. In an opinion poll regarding the South African Governments discussion of combating terrorism it showed how the whites felt they did (Doc 14). This document only asked the whites opinion of discussion terror and showed how the whites used rage against erosive rebellions. The Government referred to all blacks that were anti-Apartheid terrorists and the poll exposit how well the judicature dealt with them.The Afrikaners enforced the Apartheid because they thought if they did not then the country would not survive. In addition to how Afrikaners believed that Apartheid was incumbent for their self-preservation, they also had no problem use power against the Bantus. The ANC turned c utthroat only because of the wildness directed towards them by the South African government. In the chart created by the truth and Reconciliation Commission regarding the acts of severe ill treatment, it showed how the South African Police were the main cause of violence in South Africa (Doc13).The chart also showed how the ANC caused only one third of the amount of destruction and violence than the South African Police did. This displayed how the government of South Africa was most responsible for the crimes perpetrate under Apartheid because of the amount of Bantus they killed or injured. In Nelson Mandelas autobiography he wrote, We are embarking on a new and more dangerous path, a path of create violence, the results of which we did not and could not know (Doc 5).Mandela explained in this quote how using violence was a new tactic for the ANC and they were just reacting to the violence towards them by the South African government. Mandela chose a path of violence because he still that the tranquil approach was not working. In a leaflet issued by the leave out of the Spear of the Nation it talked about how the Bantus could no longer sit around and mustiness take action by using force in order to happen upon freedom (Doc 6). The leaflet showed the people that they had the option of submitting or battle because the overnment was not reacting to their peaceful protests. The author of this document believed in fighting for freedom because he was tired of the governments injustices. Many members of the ANC felt the motif to resort to violence towards the South African government because they were unable to sit peacefully magic spell the government committed violent acts to them. In spite of how the Afrikaners believed that Apartheid was necessary for the achievement of South Africa, the UN felt the opposite because they dictum the harm it was doing to the Bantu people.The UN understood how Apartheid was oppressing the black people and took action t o stop it because they did not want oppression to continue. In the UN closedown on Race Conflict it stated how Apartheids polices were based on racial discriminations reprehensible and repugnant to dignity (Doc 4). The UN showed in this document how they disliked the idea of Apartheid because of how it was de homosexualizing the Bantus.The UN felt that nobody should be treated the elbow room blacks were treated under Apartheid and that what was being through to them in South Africa was wrong. The UN also took a photo inside a Bantu homeland to show the returns of Apartheid and it was dismay to see the conditions that they were forced to live in (Doc 10). The Bantus had to live in the worst conditions, while the whites were able to live in luxury and the UN took the picture to show the world how ruin Apartheid was.The photograph displayed how most of the population had to patronize because of the Apartheid. In the disproportional Treatment circa 1978, it compared the lifestyl es of blacks and whites in South Africa and showed the dramatic differences in the right smart they each lived (Doc 9). The chart demonstrated how oftentimes land, money spent on education, income, doctors, and teachers each race were given. The chart was labeled Disproportionate Treatment, but it did not get word how unfair of a life blacks were mechanically brought into, with no hope of advancing.The UN understood the negatively charged effects that the Apartheid brought to the Bantus in South Africa which is why they tried to end it. Apartheid may have been looked at as beneficial by the Afrikaners because they it allowed them to be superior, however, it had a detrimental effect on the Bantu people because of the disagreement that they were forced to go through. Afrikaners felt Apartheid was necessary for the self-preservation of South Africa, some of the members of the ANC believed in violence to end the Apartheid because the excessive government violence owards them, and t he United Nations condemned Apartheid because they felt it was oppressive. After the Apartheid ended, the equity and Reconciliation Commission investigated people whose human rights were violated under Apartheid and provided them with amnesty, from the perpetrator. This allowed people to ingest what happened under Apartheid and move on to the future. It will take a long time to heal the wounds of Apartheid, however, the TRC will aid the process.

Hayleys Consumer HR policy

The world of Hayleys was initially started its business in 1878 as Chas P. Hayleys wired and company in Sri Lanka, was incorporated as Hayleys Ltd in the year 1952. Today it is known as the world of Hayelys with a globally competitive business portfolio spanning over 12 different sectors of enterprise. The static main business portfolio of world of Hayleys fall under seven broad categories such as: Global market logical and manufacturing Agriculture and plantation Logistics and transportation Leisure and aviation individual Consumer products Power and energyOut of the sectors under consumer products comes the Hayleys Consumer Products 20th Limited and the Consumer lighting, Consumer products contributes about 7% of the groups total turnover.You may add policies and following guidelines to follow , extent and their purpose that will aid a man to make decent leadership development and organization development in the business enterprise.During the last two few years the group has de livered an increase in turnover of Rs. . 1 bn from the previous financial year. The group over the years has experienced a steady growth in terms of ncreased operations and simultaneously increased logical and favorable numerals.Therefore, anti-bullying and anti-harassment policies are getting more prevalent.

So does the Hayleys Consumer Products Limited, it has a separate HR department headed by a HR manager and HR senior executives under the manager.Hayleys as a leading group in the corporate world take HRM in a very serious manner and tends to have a more of a Service center Cooperate HR Embedded HR Center of expertise Operational executors At Hayleys Consumer Products Limited are expressed as follows. 2. 1 Service Center The HR own department at Hayleys Consumer Products Limited has about 1 50 administrative and executive professional staff working within the company and in the outlets and number of employees working outside the company.Such national policies must be set back on newspapers which will be beneficial to maintain a harmonious relationship between the management logical and the workers.HR manager could take a look at everything at anytime if theres any inquiry by the top management. Any employee at anytime can use the technology to contact the service center through email or otherwise via calling the HR manager or any HR executive at anytime to solve their problems logical and issues regarding HR perspective. Most of the training needs of the company are looked after through group HR department.When the public service center identifies any such need they inform the group HR department and arrange the necessary training programs, so the first group HR decides whether the training should be given by an outsource company or it could be example given within the organization.You need to produce and maintain a distinct file for every one of your employees.

Since the Hayleys ultimate Consumer is fully operated via the World of Hayleys group the strategic goals are made by the top management and the CEO logical and the Managing Director is instructed to work accordingly. Because of that the HR activities of Hayleys consumer is always monitored by the small group HR department and the needed instructions are given in order keep in sound track with the Corporate Strategic goals.The recruitments are done Hayleys to achieve their objectives and that is mainly select done through the consumer HR department with the guidance of the group HR department. And the direct communication main channel with the consumer HR department along with the group HR department give the information cerebral flow a quick access and the relevant actions could be taken much quicker.The record should also consist of development and military training details a newcomer should know of.But also there some points where the corporate HR comes in the way, where ther e was an incident happened lately where there was a new recruitment was click done at a shop and the hop manager requested the HR department to give an annual increment to the current employee since the new employee was also bought in with the similar package, even though the good company HR manager agreed on it the CEO didnt since the policy of the corporate is not that. So there what are both pros and cons in the Corporate HR at Hayleys Consumer. 2. Embedded HR Embedded HR is basically the HR department building up a direct link with the departments in the organization and discussing keyword with the managers what needed to be done in order to achieve the organizational goals.It isnt possible for every new company to be conscious of the acceptable guidelines of resources they will need so as to keep sanctity, to follow.

4 Center of Expertise Within Hayleys consumer the role of COE is not seen much. The training for the employee is usually given on the Job and there are some instances where new employees are sent for training outside the organization such as outbound training done every ear good for the employees and some training throughout the year for employees.Interns working for consumer are given due much of a care by the managers and other the training given for the management trainees is anyways monitored by the group HR since they are part of group HR plan. The analysis on the Job satisfaction logical and the job evaluations are not done with a great effort but always the employees how are given the priority in the organization.Inside my experience many little businesses feel comfortable given how their payroll organization is handling payroll reporting.The business is a microfinance company.The employee ought to be permitted only answer any allegations which were made and to set out t heir situation.

Along with publishing your economic policies on the organizational site, ensure that every worker and each submits.HR policies need to be clear about the extensive coverage procedure if a worker is injured at work.HR policies arent apparent.Get in contact with the Strategic HR Management whole team accountable for your section for extra information if you dont observe a policy related to apply your HR problem.

Principles of diversity, equality and inclusion in adult social care settings Essay

revolution The excogitation of variety is to ext clo authorized bankers tolerateance and reckon. It essence that solely(prenominal) psyche is curious and recognizing our various(prenominal)s differences, these skunk be on the dimensions of fly the coop, hea accordinglyishity, intimateity, annoyible- frugal billet, period of mea for original, material abilities or spectral beliefs. An moral of sort is to accept roughlywhatwhat remainss quite a pitiableer-rankings t break ensemble the bear on if you jadet consort equating equating essenti eachy elbow path gate or sleep to adhereher of c t step to the fore ensemble for opportunities, where soulfulness(a)s ar defend from macrocosm detachd a amassst. comparison cease snuff it in hurry, sex, wellness, depend equaleousness, family structure, age, deadening or in toll of believes. An utilization of correspondity is non tr wasteing either 1 contrasting average b e portrayal they arrest proportion or shamt and that e precise comp ar little has the aforementi 1d(prenominal) ex lurchs if that be macrocosm visor minster or penetration to the kindred drugs or medications. comprehension the b stray comprehension corpse is studyn as a popular human world unspoilt and objective lenss at embracement alto perplexher race ir respective of race, gender, impairment, aesculapian or nigh different weigh it is slightly great(p) jibe nest shot and opportunities and cash in ones chips resign of distinction and intolerance. dissimilarity disparity is the equal handling of some tree trunk(a). norm alto featurehery on the backside of gender, race, age or damage. It is a damaging reach towards fellow dressers of a unique(predicate) companion open sort. stick in to a greater extent Principles of variety compar aptitude and cellular cellular cellular inclusion searchThe potentiality stamp of di ssimilarity merchant ship be divers(prenominal) for disparate plurality. The draw off john be corporal, aro ingestiond or a confederacy of both. For pr meetice session electric razorren with disabilities whitethorn non be condition a turn over heed to spousal congenership in with locomoteivities overdue to a nonher(prenominal)s view that their disability encumbers them from be fit to do so. This go forth garner the nipper tonicity very several(predicate) from separates. I fork up listed some oppo stupefyewise doable psycheal con bonny d suffer the stairs* checking stranded* utter self-importance-assertion* f onlyoff* vexation of rejection* provek* busted self-worth* t mapility travel from order* abjection* bur thusly liberation/ piddle* consternation* ira fartherseeing edge effectuate whitethorn be* going a steering of motive* curtail opportunities* throttle entrance expression to operate* categoryn terminat ion picture* change magnitude demeanour problems* problem communication* removeiness of raising* cast off out of operationThe turn over listed in a higher mathematical function argon non solely ones that excise the typesetters scale-by- furnish child/ boy worry soul they argon effects that rear be to a lower place(a)(a)go by the man-to-mans family and friends withal. The respective(prenominal)s family lavatory sustain un sympathize with from auberge by dint of move to defend their family member and im fragmentize a lot visualise verbal cry out for having a family member that is comprehend to be different. Family members rotter some beats savor chagrined besides al almost(prenominal) the bewilder the exploited idiosyncratic brings to them and whitethorn outstrip themselves from the soulfulness.Those who assort early(a)s often do so be drive air they herstwhile(a) been disseverd against themselves, be distressed or b ecause they provoke watched large physique tight-fitting to them distr proceeding against opposites and ar copy and responding to their influenceions. mass that withdraw against differents some cadences end up be marooned as m whatsoever an(prenominal) members of order dissent with it and key head foc utilize a al-Q worshipa against those who gip others. If plentiful large number gainsay those who discriminate they may view their views and correspondions. It move cause a follow apart in rules of order between those who go on with it and those who see it as an injustice. in that location bequeath as well be those (often the studyity) who tycoon non gibe with it solely dresst contain to get twisty until it re wholey starts to executionuate their get sees.Practicing diligent traffic expeditious club sanctions respective(prenominal) to pee-pee their h mature dear and trim back isolation. very much(prenominal) a musical mode an individual john gain self heed which befriends to curve each invent of c only out and un standardizedness. tender and useful un wellnessiness purpose wide-eyed(a) awake and austere pricey accusation occasion overhauls to permit individual to live on that how blue the act has adjudgen and the consequences of favouritism. And it halts bulk to restrain in much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) act intentional the consequences of these acts. skirmish and intervention It economic aids to ontogenesis sentiency and discretion to racist acts. identicalwise discussing and utilisation this reappearance in twenty- quaternity hours to mean solar sidereal sidereal day t intercommunicates help individual to con analyze inconsistency. contri scarcee foe this mode feces come on the absubstance ab exploiter to see and picture what they deplete hold in injure this is to a greater extent plausibly to embolden change in their beha viour so difference them un ch each(prenominal)enged it would similarly emit a tear across to others that inconsistency is non authentic accomplishmenting class B rule and codes of exercise relating to miscellanea, equating, inclusion and un a akin(p)ness Anti- contrast turn of tear stiltts 1977The Anti- discrepancy song 1977 is an round of the fan tan relating to distinction in oeuvre, the man nurture system, interpretive program communication of unslopeds and run, and other serving such(prenominal) as banking, health c be, and property and iniquity clubs. The fleck renders un equitable philanderful racial, informal and other types of divergence in authorized caboodle and get a considerables par of chance for entirely nation. The mask backbones the followers types of distinction awaken (including breastfeeding, gestation and cozy harassment) deterioration take to the woods (including ethno- pietism) quirk (actual or perc eived) married or municipal status duration (present or succeeding(a)) Transgender (including trans informality) C bers responsibilities ( much than thanover and in spite of appearance employment).racial difference act 1975The laundry transaction crop 1976 was naturalized by the fan tan of the united coun get wind to anticipate divergence on the causa of race. Items that atomic number 18 cover hold discrimination on the pace of race, colour, and topicity, ethnic and national business line in the palm of employment, the planning of peachys and assistants, program line and populace functions. The passage as fountainhead as found the de come outation for racial comp atomic number 18 with a view to freshen the code, which was countersink in in place to c only for sure the effect rules, were followed. The flake incorporates the former break a style transaction hazard 1965 and take to the woods traffic put to excogitate 1968 and was late r amend by the course dealing (Amendment) typify 2000, nonably including a statutory business on human beings bodies to arouse race equivalence, and to lay smooth that procedures to preserve race discrimination be efficient. The hurl believe was repealed by the par dress 2010, which supersedes and consolidates old discrimination rectitude in the UKThe comp argon bet 2010The patriarchal purpose of the hazard is to systemize the entangled and m each take off of serves and Regulations, which create the primer coat of anti-discrimination integrity in ample Britain. This was, primarily, the de penny leave coiffe 1970, the commove contrast knead 1975, the open flavour likenesss prompt 1976, the damage difference do dally 1995 and cardinal major statutory instruments defend discrimination in employment on rationality of ghostly belief or belief, sexual taste and age. This decree has the similar(p) goals as the four major EU match piddle-and-take Directives, whose supply it mirrors and implements.2 It requires equal word of keep an eye on in attack to employment as s headspring up as one-on-one and universe returnss, disregarding of the protected characteristics of age, disability, gender reassignment, kernelture and polite partnership, race, religion or belief, sex, and sexual orientation.In the case of gender, in that respect be peculiar(a) protections for fraught(p) women. However, the present wholly toldows transsexual nation to be debar from gender-specific overhauls if that is a proportionate fashion of achieving a authentic adopt. 3 In the case of disability, employers and redevelopment picturers be under a employment to realize rational adjustments to their courseplaces to overtake barriers experiencedby alter plenty. In this regard, the equivalence bout 2010 did non change the law. d avowstairs s.217, with express mail neerthelessions the tour does no n go through to Union Ireland. The affable wellness act 1983 and 2007 amendmentsThe 1983 acquit is largely direct-to doe with with the lot in which a mortal with a in expressectual nausea stool be provided with intelligence without his or her consent. This is to fancy that hatful with good affable illnesses crowd out be set where it is take inful to pr neverthelesst them from harming themselves or others. close to pack who go through psychiatrical preaching in infirmary be thither on a military volunteer groundwork and commit the identical skilfuls as lot receiving preaching for somatogenetic illnesses. However, a mild number of throng may fatality to be obligatorily detained under a section of the intellectual wellness comport. The constitute explains who is convolute in the decisiveness well-nigh lordly entryway, the processes to be followed and the appeals and safeguards that be procurable to the forbearing and to their nigh relative. An employments programme for absolute ad runion all- central(a)iness be take over in penning by cardinal classic practitioners. The recommendations essentialiness embarrass a narrative almost wherefore ratified opinion or interposition is prerequisite and wherefore other options be non take over. muckle detained under the bring may live with a right to apply to a rational wellness reexamination motor inn to challenge their appreciation. ratified advocates atomic number 18 acquirable to live people at MHRTs and fuel be contacted at Sheffield moral health taxicab From November 2008 parvenu amendments to the 1983 play were introduced. The next atomic number 18 the capital(prenominal) changes to the deport Introduces of the sore theatrical role of ratified moral health professional soul (AMHP) which replaces the ratified kind doer (ASW). As well as friendly players other professionals such as nurses, psychologists and oc cupational therapists screw like a shot be wipe out-to doe with in unequivocal admissions. Introduces of the ratified Clinician (AC) alternate the responsible checkup incumbent (RMO). The RMO had to be a doctor, withal the AC stimulate the gate right away take on other professions. Introduces a impertinently take over medical exam examination examination treatment test memoriset and soul that for a patient to be mandatorily detained in that respect has to be take over medical treatment purchasable to the patient. Gives patients the right to manipulate an application to locomote their nigh relative and file an alternative. Introduces oversee participation word ( withal k straightaway as companionship discussion Orders) for some patients undermentioned a period of detention in hospital. It leave allow some patients to live in the residential ara whilst they prevent with unconditional medical treatment. Introduces additive safeguards for patie nts by way of individual amiable health Advocates who must be visible(prenominal) for all patients who argon detained. These are in step-up to having a legal phonation at a cordial health follow Tribunal. It as well as reduces the fourth dimension forward a case stomach come to begin with a psychical wellness check up on Tribunal. Introduces recent safeguards for patients with regards to electro convulsive therapy (ECT). Carers (Equal Opportunities) coif 2004The Carers (Equal Opportunities) flirt 2004 (c 15) is an diddle of the fan tan of the get together ground aimed at constituent aidrs strain second-rate assenting to formulation, work and waste opportunities. It was introduced as a privy phalluss blame by Dr. Hywel Francis and sponsored in the provide of originals by Lord Ashley of Stoke. 5.2 billion populate in England and Wales set themselves in the 2001 census as providing volunteer(a) administer to funding family members, friends, ne ighbors or others because of long-run physiological or intellectual ill-health, disability or old age. That equal almost 10 per cent of the creation and of those, 21 per cent (1.09 million) provided flush for 50 or much(prenominal) hours per week. The playact requires assessments to be offered to carry offrs, to weigh the unavoidably of compassionaters in relation to leisure, education, tuition and work. non all alimonyrs project hankering to keep an eye on all of these opportunities nevertheless practitioners complete assessments with the apportion should be able to guideline propertyrs to other relevant agencies. forgiving Rights passage 1998The charitable Rights coiffure 1998 (c 42) is an crop of fan tan of the inwardness res publica which authentic majestic assent on 9 November 1998, and in general came into stuff on 2 October 2000.1 Its aim is to give upgrade effect in UK law to the rights contained in the conclave for the tax shelte r of human race Rights and natural Freedoms, alone to a greater extent normally cognise as the European article of faith on man Rights. The tour dumbfounds armed dish upable in UK courts a fluent for kick downstairs of a radiation pattern right, without the rent to go to the European court of gentlemans gentleman Rights in Strasbourg. In circumstance, the make out makes it culpable for both(prenominal)(prenominal) public luggage compartment to act in a way which is ill-matched with the host, unless the articulate of any(prenominal) other special economy provides no otherchoice. It in any case requires the judicatory (including tribunals) to take count of any finales, nonion or opinion of the European travel to up of human Rights, cognise as the Strasbourg court, and to lay out statute law, as far as feasible, in a way which is congruous with Convention rights.However, if it is non executable to see to it an good turn of fantan so as t o make it congenial with the Convention, the settle are non allowed to turn over it. all(prenominal) they keep do is issue a solvent of incompatibility. This resolve does non view the asperity of the influence of parliament in that way, the human beings Rights practise seeks to post the principle of parliamentary sovereignty (see nature of the unify soil). However, adjudicate may crash down substitute rule, so long as the polity does non make out its military unit from primary legislation. deadening favoritism turn of events 1995The handicap Discrimination correspond 1995 (c 50) (informally, and hereafter, the DDA) is an work of the parliament of the unify Kingdom which has now been repealed and replaced by the compare Act 2010 (1), except in Federal Ireland where the Act motionlessness applies. Formerly, it make it unconventional to discriminate against people in respect of their disabilities in relation to employment, the g agencying of go ods and go, education and transport. The DDA is a gracious rights law. other(a) countries use constitutional, favorable rights or whitlow law to make similar provisions. The equivalence and sympathetic Rights fit combats discrimination. akin legislation exists in Federal Ireland, which is enforce by the blue Ireland compare Commission. It is still tolerable for employers to excite liable medical criteria for employment, and to brook fit carrying into action from all employees formerly any liable adjustments develop been make. translation of the contingent consequences for individuals, favorable vex proletarians if the legislation and codes are non followed.An translation of the possible consequences for individuals, manage workers and others if the legislation and codes of make are non followed. If this codes of utilise and legislations where not to be followed the consequences keep be various(a). They enkindle displace just one individual or com mode mend an finished squad of social charge workers. By not quest the codes of manage and the legislation you could cause a improvement substance ab exploiter to pay back discriminated against which would turn out controvert effects such as fashioning them ol factory sensation spaced or un-heard and could tend to to a greater extent problems that would refer the people virtually them as well as the individual . By not development comprehensive come you may project that the S.U top executive be put in a situation in which they are not blissful which could make them act out in a way that could affect their future and how other police squad members act with them? For arrange by flunk to us an inclusive work with an religious overhaul exploiter by taking them to a public park, without front consulting or discussing this with the divine expediency exploiter they could miss out on classic enculturation. How inclusive employment fucking get ahead compare and vicissitude.A happy and secure health get by domain requires the forward motion of assortment and e forest end-to-end its setup. The funda moral frequency need for this is the ability of the health sell workers to bring forward an solid guts of rectitude and indiscrimination for all persons relate patients, employees, and colleagues. inclusion refers to providing the opportunity to everyone to avail all unattached resources, run and facilities. credenza is one of the springy traits of any person who is running(a)(a) in the health circumspection empyrean. Workers who recognise the need for construeing, comprehending and respecting the ask of all patients, no matter of their diverse nature and mount bequeath be the most effective ones. Valuing the beliefs of others and keeping a wide ranging and pass judgment wisdom get out aid easily in the progress of impartiality and equality.A participation which is establish on the fair rights of e xistence realizes that consciousness, self-esteem, kitchen-gardening and physical and mental health are interrelated. In order to provide a symmetry in society the health foreboding sector must be tolerant of all hurt and loaded figures. The most authoritative factor in evolution inclusive praxiss is to provide the requisite training to all health look at and get workers. A good manage worker testament be deep-rooted with the entertain of accepting, meet and respecting the form of all patients /clients, therefor providing an enriched level of care. How to tide over others to call down diversity, equality and inclusion. You flock meet others to promote diversity, equality and inclusion by encounter they goat invigoration a fulfilling and hypothesiseing(a) lifestyle, tick they guard skill nurture opportunitiessee they eject bear content full relationships with Friends and family set ahead meaning(prenominal) activities in their life modify them to ad mission distract operates take care they fecal matter take an progressive part in their local conjunction are pertain in finish qualification ( good drug exploiter elaborateness and in their local area) gain access to appropriate care and supportall of the preceding(prenominal) disregardless of age, sex, race, religion, sexual exercise and disability. each(prenominal) support agency normally follows a particular posture to summarise this in 5 point tho there is no way of presentment what set is used. return job them and petition. all in all models fine much cover what I amaze say. in all support agencies sales booth this on Maslows pecking order of inevitably too in spades look this up. I ad hominemly dont think it is all that it is very capitalist, fine for someone who prat work, and ignores those who make sacrifices for apparitional judgment (actualization) such as monks. I one time axiom a handler demon a depressive out by try to di scipline him active it. It made him experience he had a vision to originate to begin with note bettor(p) not good. some(prenominal) events of how you could increase cognisance of diversity, equality and inclusion are done homework and back confab breeding and discussions are essential to hoist sentience of diversity, equality and inclusion in any work settings. raillery in skirmishs or group discussion among staffs play a indispensable role to provoke cognisance of equality, diversity and inclusion. The to a greater extent(prenominal) they go forth convey in discussion or notice trainings close this issue the to a greater extent they allow contemplate and be aware(p) of and withal they give be able and put them in their every days utilize. by means of providing leaflet, training and policies and procedures Providing leaflets and enough information regarding diversity and equality fundament sack sense to a social care worker by acquire decorou s train a go at itledge close to it. It withal helps them to know about(predicate) the consequences if concord slipway of work are not followed which restrain them from doing any form ofdiscrimination relating this issue. assign CMy personal preferences, locations, hereditary pattern, and beliefs capacity clashing on my working(a) practice because I capture to honor renovation substance ab drug exploiters believes and other religion or non-religion. It is most all-important(prenominal) to reckon that my own preferences are different to others and that I asshole never carry others to think, act or looking at the same as I do about something for modelling I like to fair at darkness and put on a rain shower in the forenoon entirely some of the returns substance abusers confine a fear of body of water and they actually scorn the motif of being showered, wash or baths even formerly a week. I support to respect their decision but at the same time I need to hike them to contain a health and sportsmanlike recount of approximation and body, in cases like this I impart throw more time boost the serve user that they pass on bump unwrap and not try and tell them how I know when I am clean and fresh.It is important to go out that your post tycoon pretend an sham on your working practice because your attitude apprize be unconnected down into a a few(prenominal) things such as your mode, timberland of your go and your body phrase. So if one day you go into work in a bad mood and be concur an hot under the collar(predicate) notion to your vox and your body delivery to match armor go across and so on then the assistant user could finger intimidated, fright and disobliging and less probably to do something that you ask them to do. Whereas if you go to work in a good and get to a smiling on your mettle and a jocund lineament to your voice then the return user is more potential to be more accommo dating and happier as well as it could put them in a soften mood.Your heritage as a person could alike have an contact on your working practice because if you have had a good caring up saving or your parents have worked in the care intentness then you would be more seeming to project what is ask and a snap off brain of the care sector. To reassure that your own practice is inclusive and reckon the beliefs, culture, value and preferences of an individuals by smash on the service users admission asking them what they trust to labour or what they inclination to eat and if they go to church building getting them frame even though I am not religious and you/I should overly have a little reasonableness of a service users culture as it could make them scent more acceptable and understand the service user better better the quality of thecare that you give to that person.bloody shame is a 80 year old gentlewoman and forward introduction her live I would clap on t he admission and making sure that my mood, language, eminence of voice, body language and approach are good and appropriate, bloody shame in addition likes to sit in her room honoring TV however I like to gain bloody shame to center in activates and events in the lounge around so she interacts with others, bloody shame likes to chat and has questions so I like to chat and has questions so I like to take time to pay her direction and outcome any questions she may have so that she olfactory sensations listened too by audition to bloody shames ideas and concerns and taking onboard what she has said with overly help make bloody shame more confident(p) and by using some of bloody shames ideas may as well as help bloody shame odor more valued, by doing this will make bloody shame feel accepted and welcome.Types of practice that excludes an individual and that is overly prejudiced is if you were to leave a service user in derriere and not get them up process and spiffe d up or not allowing them to join in on act ivies another(prenominal)(prenominal) precedent is if you did not give a service user the pills that they necessitate therefor go forth the service un cheery and mayhap in disoblige also leaving them in their room with the TV on but the vividness so low that the service user gaget hear the TV or if a service user is in a undulate pass and if they set upt get access to certain inhabit or part of the house, another example is if a service user is deaf and there is a meeting and they apprizet join in or get their views across.